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The pisiform bone is a small bone found in the proximal row of the wrist . It is situated where the ulna joins the wrist, within the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. [1]: 199, 205 It only has one side that acts as a joint, articulating with the triquetral bone. It is on a plane anterior to the other carpal bones and is spheroidal in form.
Carpometacarpal bossing (or metacarpal/carpal bossing) is a small, immovable mass of bone on the back of the wrist. The mass occurs in one of the joints between the carpus and metacarpus of the hand , called the carpometacarpal joints , where a small immovable protuberance [ 1 ] occurs when this joint becomes swollen or bossed.
The triquetral bone (/ t r aɪ ˈ k w ɛ t r əl,-ˈ k w iː-/; also called triquetrum, pyramidal, three-faced, and formerly cuneiform bone) is located in the wrist on the medial side of the proximal row of the carpus between the lunate and pisiform bones. It is on the ulnar side of the hand, but does not directly articulate with the ulna.
The capitate bone is a bone in the human wrist found in the center of the carpal bone region, located at the distal end of the radius and ulna bones. It articulates with the third metacarpal bone (the middle finger) and forms the third carpometacarpal joint. The capitate bone is the largest of the carpal bones in the human hand.
The hamate is found within the distal row of carpal bones, and abuts the metacarpals of the little finger and ring finger. [4]: 708–709 Adjacent to the hamate on the ulnar side, and slightly above it, is the pisiform bone. Adjacent on the radial side is the capitate, and proximal is the lunate bone. [4]: 708–709
The major exception is when the joint between these bones, the distal radioulnar joint (or DRUJ), is unstable. When the DRUJ is unstable, the ulnar styloid may require independent treatment. An excessively long styloid process of the ulna can cause painful contact with the triquetral bone in the wrist, known as ulnar styloid impaction syndrome. [1]
The bones closer to the forearm (proximal) are removed: scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum. [14] It is important that the radioscaphocapitate ligament is left intact, because if the ligament is not preserved the capitate bone will translate to the ulnar side of the wrist and move away from the distal radius. [1] [15]
The TMC joint is a synovial joint between the trapezium bone of the wrist and the metacarpal bone at the base of the thumb. This joint is a so-called saddle joint (articulatio sellaris), unlike the CMC joints of the other four fingers which are ellipsoid joints. [17] This means that the surfaces of the TMC joint are both concave and convex.