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As an example, in the magnitude 7.9 Denali earthquake of 2002 in Alaska, the epicenter was at the western end of the rupture, but the greatest damage was about 330 km (210 mi) away at the eastern end. [7] Focal depths of earthquakes occurring in continental crust mostly range from 2 to 20 kilometers (1.2 to 12.4 mi). [8]
On October 23, 2002, there was a magnitude 6.7 earthquake located on the Denali fault. The event's aftershocks revealed a 45 km (28 mi) long fault rupture along the Denali fault, but aerial reconnaissance could not locate a surface rupture. This rupture extends to 10 km (6.2 mi) west of the mainshock's epicenter.
Epicentral distance refers to the ground distance from the epicenter to a specified point. [1] Generally, the smaller the epicentral distance of an earthquake of the same scale, the heavier the damage caused by the earthquake. On the contrary, with the increase of epicentral distance, the damage caused by the earthquake is gradually reduced. [2]
Damage to the area directly surrounding the epicenter was severe. Roads were buckled. Buildings and chimneys collapsed. There were also large surface fissures. To the west in the Los Angeles Basin damage was much less severe. The majority of the damage in the Los Angeles area involved items that had fallen off shelves.
Minor damage to boats occurred as far south as Los Angeles. [26] Effects of the earthquake were even noted as far east as Freeport, Texas, where tide gauges recorded waves similar to seismic surface waves. [27] Seiches were detected in wells in countries around the world, including England, Namibia, and Australia. [28]
The 2014 South Napa earthquake occurred in the northern San Francisco Bay Area on August 24 at 03:20:44 Pacific Daylight Time.At 6.0 on the moment magnitude scale and with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), the event was the largest in the San Francisco Bay Area since the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake.
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The epicentre was to the south of the island of Amorgos, the easternmost island of the Cyclades in the Aegean Sea. There was significant damage on Amorgos and the neighbouring island of Santorini. It was the largest earthquake in Greece in the 20th century. [1] It was followed 13 minutes later by a magnitude 7.2 earthquake near Santorini.