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The digit bits contain the numeric value 0–9. The zone bits contain either 'F'x, forming the characters 0–9, or the character position containing the overpunch contains a hexadecimal value indicating a positive or negative value, forming a different set of characters. (A, C, E, and F zones indicate positive values, B and D negative).
With the introduction of the IBM card in 1928, IBM created a code [a] capable of representing alphanumeric information, [2] later adopted by other manufacturers. This code represents the numbers 0-9 by a single punch, and uses multiple punches for upper-case letters and special characters. [3]
The 3-3-2 bit RGB use 3 bits for each of the red and green color components, and 2 bits for the blue component, due to the human eyes having lesser sensitivity to blue. This results in an 8×8×4 = 256-color palette as follows: This palette is used by: The MSX2 series of personal computers; Palette 4 of the IBM PGC; Extended Graphics Array (XGA)
Consider encoding the value −118.625 as an HFP single-precision floating-point value. The value is negative, so the sign bit is 1. The value 118.625 10 in binary is 1110110.101 2. This value is normalized by moving the radix point left four bits (one hexadecimal digit) at a time until the leftmost digit is zero, yielding 0.01110110101 2.
Its use on IBM PC compatibles was widespread through the 1990s and persists today for some applications on modern computers. [2] The main features of VGA text mode are colored (programmable 16 color palette ) characters and their background, blinking, various shapes of the cursor (block/underline/hidden static/blinking), [ 3 ] and loadable ...
For example, if the first line of text has to always be on physical line 3 for a given form, then the channel 1 hole has to be punched in line 3 of the carriage control tape. By convention, IBM mainframe applications always jump to channel 1 when beginning a new logical page.
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A value of 0 is always a selectable background-plus-border color (with the same register and/or BIOS call used for the foreground color in the 640×200 graphic mode; black by default), and the three remaining values 1 to 3 are indices to one of the predefined color palette entries.