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Aitken (1977) assumes that 1 h takes to cover 3 mi (5 km) on paths, tracks and roads, while this is reduced to 2½ mi (4 km) on all other surfaces. [5] For both distances he gives an additional 1 h per 2000 ft (600 m) of ascent. [5] So Aitken doesn't take into account equivalence between distance and climb (proposed by Scarf in 1998 [4] [6]).
The radar mile is a unit of time (in the same way that the light year is a unit of distance), equal to the time required for a radar pulse to travel a distance of two miles (one mile each way). Thus, the radar statute mile is 10.8 μs and the radar nautical mile is 12.4 μs.
Braking distance refers to the distance a vehicle will travel from the point when its brakes are fully applied to when it comes to a complete stop. It is primarily affected by the original speed of the vehicle and the coefficient of friction between the tires and the road surface, [Note 1] and negligibly by the tires' rolling resistance and vehicle's air drag.
For example, the section between the cities Hecatompylos and Alexandria Areion, which later became a part of the Silk Road, was given by Alexander's bematists as 575 Roman miles (529 English miles) long, that is with a deviation of 0.2% from the actual distance (531 English miles).
Legua nautica (nautical league): Between 1400 and 1600 the Spanish nautical league was equal to four Roman miles of 4,842 feet, making it 19,368 feet (5,903 metres or 3.1876 modern nautical miles). However, the accepted number of Spanish nautical leagues to a degree varied between 14 1/6 to 16 2/3, so in actual practice the length of a Spanish ...
The second label is a letter, standing for the first letter of the next town if one is traveling on that direction, then the distance in kilometers, from the town. In the example to the right, a milestone in Ortigas Avenue in Pasig says it is 14 kilometers (8.7 mi) from Rizal Park, and 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) from Cainta.
Strabo noted that the distance between Rhodes and Alexandria is 3,750 stadia, and reported Posidonius's estimate of the Earth's circumference to be 180,000 stadia or 18,000 mi (29,000 km). [16] Pliny the Elder mentions Posidonius among his sources and—without naming him—reported his method for estimating the Earth's circumference.
The design sight distance allows a below-average driver to stop in time to avoid a collision in most cases. Driver perception/reaction distance is calculated by: d PRT = 0.278 Vt (metric) d PRT = 1.47 Vt (US customary) Where: d PRT = driver perception-reaction distance, m (ft) V = design speed, km/h (mph) t = brake reaction time, in seconds