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Almost all German speakers consider the alphabet to have the 26 cardinal letters above and will name only those when asked to say the alphabet. [citation needed] The diacritic letters ä, ö and ü are used to indicate the presence of umlauts (frontalizations of back vowels).
Umlaut (literally "changed sound") is the German name of the sound shift phenomenon also known as i-mutation.In German, this term is also used for the corresponding letters ä, ö, and ü (and the diphthong äu) and the sounds that these letters represent.
German has four special letters; three are vowels accented with an umlaut sign ( ä, ö, ü ) and one is derived from a ligature of ſ and z ( ß ; called Eszett "ess-zed/zee" or scharfes S "sharp s"). They have their own names separate from the letters they are based on.
The vowels of proto-Germanic and their general direction of change when i-mutated in the later Germanic dialects. Germanic umlaut is a specific historical example of this process that took place in the unattested earliest stages of Old English and Old Norse and apparently later in Old High German, and some other old Germanic languages.
The letter-name Eszett combines the names of the letters of s (Es) and z (Zett) in German. The character's Unicode names in English are double s, [1] sharp s [2] and eszett. [2] The Eszett letter is currently used only in German, and can be typographically replaced with the double-s digraph ss , if the ß
The letter Ö, standing for Österreich, i.e. Austria, on a boundary stone at the German-Austrian border. The letter o with umlaut (ö [1]) appears in the German alphabet. It represents the umlauted form of o, resulting in or . The letter is often collated together with o in the German alphabet, but there are exceptions which collate it like oe ...
According to the Social Security Administration, many of the top 100 girl names in 2021 come from German origins: Emma, Sophia, Mia, Alice and Emily, to name a few.
The letter also occurs in some languages which have adopted German names or spellings, but is not a part of these languages' alphabets. It has recently been introduced in revivalist Ulster-Scots writing. The letter was originally an A with a lowercase e on top, which was later stylized to two dots.