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The unpaired umbilical vein carries oxygen and nutrient rich blood derived from fetal-maternal blood exchange at the chorionic villi.More than two-thirds of fetal hepatic circulation is via the main portal vein, while the remainder is shunted from the left portal vein via the ductus venosus to the inferior vena cava, eventually being delivered to the fetal right atrium.
Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling (PUBS), also called cordocentesis, fetal blood sampling, or umbilical vein sampling is a diagnostic genetic test that examines blood from the fetal umbilical cord to detect fetal abnormalities. [1] Fetal and maternal blood supply are typically connected in utero with one
Produces abdominal collateral veins to bypass the blocked inferior vena cava and permit venous return from the legs. Determine the direction of flow in the veins below the umbilicus. After pushing down on the prominent vein, blood will: flow toward the legs → caput medusae; flow toward the head → inferior vena cava obstruction.
Abdominal ultrasound can be used to diagnose abnormalities in various internal organs, such as the kidneys, [1] liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen and abdominal aorta.If Doppler ultrasonography is added, the blood flow inside blood vessels can be evaluated as well (for example, to look for renal artery stenosis).
As the umbilical vessels are obliterated and the infant starts breathing at birth, the source of oxygen changes from the placenta to the lungs. This major trigger will facilitate the transformation from fetal to postnatal circulation in many ways. First, the ductus venosus was previously kept open by the blood flow from the umbilical vein.
Abdominal ultrasound can be used to visualize the insertion site of the umbilical cord. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Overall, visualization is most successful in the second trimester, [ 13 ] however routine ultrasound examination in the second trimester may not detect velamentous cord insertion if the condition develops after the remodelling of the placenta as ...
Absence of the portal system in a first trimester case associated with hygroma and aorto-umbilical fistula. (A): Transverse plane of the upper abdomen with color Doppler applied, showing umbilical cord insertion, stomach, the prominent hepatic artery and no afferent liver venous perfusion; (B): midsagittal plane reconstructed from a three-dimensional volume acquisition were the crown-rump ...
Cruveilhier–Baumgarten disease or Pégot-Cruveilhier–Baumgarten disease is a rare medical condition in which the umbilical or paraumbilical veins are distended, with an abdominal wall bruit (the Cruveilhier-Baumgarten bruit) and palpable thrill, portal hypertension with splenomegaly, hypersplenism and oesophageal varices, with a normal or small liver.