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CA-125 was initially detected using the murine monoclonal antibody designated OC125. Robert Bast , Robert Knapp and their research team first isolated this monoclonal antibody in 1981. [ 28 ] The protein was named "cancer antigen 125" because OC125 was the 125th antibody produced against the ovarian cancer cell line that was being studied.
The one biomarker that has been in use over the last 20 years is CA-125. [121] A 2016 review found that this biomarker was present in those with symptoms of endometriosis; and, once ovarian cancer has been ruled out, a positive CA-125 may confirm the diagnosis. [122] Its performance in ruling out endometriosis is low. [122]
Diagnostic Procedures includes initially ultrasound or colour doppler study to know about size and nature of mass and sometimes CECT. Blood investigation includes CA-125 level for screening and further CEA, beta hCG levels, AFP, CA19-9, LDH level to confirm diagnosis. And before going to surgery routine investigation to be done.
High levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the blood can be found in many cases of HCC and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Cholangiocarcinoma can be detected with these commonly used tumor markers: carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19–9), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 125 . These tumour markers are found in primary liver ...
CA-125 levels are not accurate in early stage ovarian cancer, as half of stage I ovarian cancer patients have a normal CA-125 level. [ 31 ] [ 29 ] CA-125 may also be elevated in benign (non-cancerous) conditions, including endometriosis , pregnancy , uterine fibroids , menstruation , ovarian cysts , systemic lupus erythematosus , liver disease ...
Mayo Clinic is a nonprofit hospital system with campuses in Rochester, Minnesota; Scottsdale and Phoenix, Arizona; and Jacksonville, Florida. [22] [23] Mayo Clinic employs 76,000 people, including more than 7,300 physicians and clinical residents and over 66,000 allied health staff, as of 2022. [5]
In contrast, optimal (health) range or therapeutic target is a reference range or limit that is based on concentrations or levels that are associated with optimal health or minimal risk of related complications and diseases. For most substances presented, the optimal levels are the ones normally found in the population as well.
CA 242 is a tumor marker for sialylated Lewis carbohydrates associated with adenocarcinomas and e-selectin-mediated metastatic risk. [1] [2] [3] It is commonly tested along with CEA, CA19-9, and CA242 for detecting pancreatic cancer. [4] The specificity of CA 242 is higher than similar markers.
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