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White tenmoku Ofuke ware bowl, medium stoneware with rice-straw ash glaze, between 1700–1850 Edo period. Tenmoku (天目, also spelled "temmoku" and "temoku") is a type of glaze that originates in imitating Chinese Jian ware (建盏) of the southern Song dynasty (1127–1279), [1] original examples of which are also called tenmoku in Japan.
The glaze has glasslike and pooling (buildup of glaze) characteristics which puts emphasis on the surface texture of the piece being glazed. When the glaze is mostly made up of wood ash, the final result is mostly dark brown to green. The pots with these glazes resemble the earth in color and texture.
The glaze was made using clay similar to that used for forming the body, except fluxed with wood-ash. They share some similarities with Jizhou ware, which developed around the same time. Many examples have distinct finishes in the glaze, which are much prized by collectors. The main three types of glaze patterns are: "hare's fur" (兔毫盞)
Composite body, painted, and glazed bottle. Iran, 16th century (Metropolitan Museum of Art) Detail of dripping rice-straw ash glaze (top), Japan, 1852. Ceramic glaze, or simply glaze, is a glassy coating on ceramics. It is used for decoration, to ensure the item is impermeable to liquids and to minimize the adherence of pollutants. [1]
Oribe ware (also known as 織部焼 Oribe-yaki) is a style of Japanese pottery that first appeared in the sixteenth century. It is a type of Japanese stoneware recognized by its freely-applied glaze as well as its dramatic visual departure from the more somber, monochrome shapes and vessels common in Raku ware of the time. [ 1 ]
After being heated in the kiln, the glaze creates its signature fine web of cracks and fine pores -known as kan-nyuu (貫入) or crazing- while cooling. Throughout the heating and cooling process, the cracks form because the glaze shrinks faster than the clay. Over time, a Hagi ware user might notice the color of the glaze getting darker.
Tin-glazing is the process of giving tin-glazed pottery items a ceramic glaze that is white, glossy and opaque, which is normally applied to red or buff earthenware. Tin-glaze is plain lead glaze with a small amount of tin oxide added. [1] The opacity and whiteness of tin glaze encourage its frequent decoration.
Underglaze is a method of decorating pottery in which painted decoration is applied to the surface before it is covered with a transparent ceramic glaze and fired in a kiln. Because the glaze subsequently covers it, such decoration is completely durable, and it also allows the production of pottery with a surface that has a uniform sheen.