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There is also primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma with exceptionally good prognosis. [5] [6] [7] Common symptoms of a mediastinal lymphoma of include fever, weight loss, night sweats, and compressive symptoms such as pain, dyspnea, wheezing, Superior vena cava syndrome, pleural effusions. Diagnosis usually by CT showing lobulated
The diagnosis of a mediastinal germ cell tumor should be considered in all young males with a mediastinal mass. In addition to physical examination and routine laboratory studies, initial evaluation should include CT of the chest and abdomen, and determination of serum levels of HCG and alpha-fetoprotein.
The majority of cases are caused by malignant tumors within the mediastinum, most commonly lung cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, directly compressing or invading the SVC wall. Non-malignant causes are increasing in prevalence due to expanding use of intravascular devices (such as permanent central venous catheters and leads for pacemakers and ...
Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma, abbreviated PMBL or PMBCL, is a rare type of lymphoma that forms in the mediastinum (the space in between the lungs) and predominantly affects young adults. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Chronic sclerosing (or fibrosing) mediastinitis, while potentially serious, is caused by a long-standing inflammation of the mediastinum, leading to growth of acellular collagen and fibrous tissue within the chest and around the central vessels and airways. It has a different cause, treatment, and prognosis than acute infectious mediastinitis.
[2] [7] Pericardial cysts make up 6-7% of all mediastinal masses. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] They can present at any age, but are most commonly diagnosed between the third and fifth decade of life. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Females and males have approximately equal incidences of pericardial cysts.
Micrograph of a primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, a cause of mediastinal lymphadenopathy. H&E stain. Mediastinal lymphadenopathy or mediastinal adenopathy is an enlargement of the mediastinal lymph nodes.
CT scan of the chest showing bilateral lymphadenopathy in the mediastinum due to sarcoidosis. Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy is a bilateral enlargement of the lymph nodes of pulmonary hila. It is a radiographic term for the enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes and is most commonly identified by a chest x-ray.