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For example, the 3.5% productivity gap in the information industry was composed of a 2.1% difference in deflators and about a 1.4% due to change in labor share. The 2.7% gap in Manufacturing included 1.0% due to deflator and 1.7% due to change in labor share. [22]
[30] [31] The major cause was an increase in investment income. Capital gains accounted for 80% of the increase in market income for the households in the top 20% (2000–2007). Over the 1991–2000 period capital gains accounted for 45% of market income for the top 20%.
As of 2022, only 48% of renters owned any asset that might gain in value, such as retirement accounts, business equity, stocks and bonds, or other real estate not including their primary residence.
Buildings in Rio de Janeiro, demonstrating economic inequality. Effects of income inequality, researchers have found, include higher rates of health and social problems, and lower rates of social goods, [1] a lower population-wide satisfaction and happiness [2] [3] and even a lower level of economic growth when human capital is neglected for high-end consumption. [4]
"These gaps didn’t spring up by accident. There were explicit policy choices in the past, like redlining and exclusion from investment,” said one economist.
5. Rental Real Estate. When you use the bank's money to acquire rental properties, you're effectively building your net worth. Once you start renting out the properties, use the income to pay off ...
In 2008, the wealth gap in terms of percentage of total income in the United States between the top 1% and 5% was 7% and the gap between the top 1% and top 10% was 9%. This is an 11% reversal from the respective percentage shares of income held by these groups in 1963. Income inequality clearly accelerated beginning in the 1980s.
According to the Institute on Assets and Social Policy, for each dollar of increase in average income an African American household saw from 1984 to 2009 just $0.69 in additional wealth was generated, compared with the same dollar in increased income creating an additional $5.19 in wealth for a similarly situated white household. [93]