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  2. Foundation (engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_(engineering)

    Shallow foundation construction example. Often called footings, are usually embedded about a meter or so into soil. One common type is the spread footing which consists of strips or pads of concrete (or other materials) which extend below the frost line and transfer the weight from walls and columns to the soil or bedrock.

  3. Structural drawing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_drawing

    The structural plan drawings show the foundation, floor, and roof plan of the building. These plans provide information like size and location of the structural elements present in the respective plans. Elevations show the exterior walls of a building or structure. In elevation drawings you can find the height of building (floors and roof ...

  4. Course (architecture) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Course_(architecture)

    This is the simplest arrangement of masonry units. If the wall is two wythes thick, one header is used to bind the two wythes together. [3] Header course: This is a course made up of a row of headers. [1] Bond course: This is a course of headers that bond the facing masonry to the backing masonry. [1] Plinth: The bottom course of a wall.

  5. Wall footing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_footing

    Wall Footing . A wall footing or strip footing is a continuous strip of concrete that serves to spread the weight of a load-bearing wall across an area of soil. [1] It is a component of a shallow foundation. [1] Wall Footing. Wall footings carrying direct vertical loads might be designed either in plain concrete or in reinforced concrete.

  6. Shallow foundation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shallow_foundation

    Also called strip footing, a wall footing is a continuous strip that supports structural and non-structural load-bearing walls. Found directly under the wall, Its width is commonly 2-3 times wider than the wall above it. [3] Detail Section of a strip footing and its wall.

  7. File:Structure of Berlin Wall.svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Structure_of_Berlin...

    The following other wikis use this file: Usage on af.wikipedia.org Berlynse Muur; Usage on ast.wikipedia.org Muriu de Berlín; Usage on ba.wikipedia.org

  8. Rubble trench foundation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubble_trench_foundation

    A foundation must bear the structural loads imposed upon it and allow proper drainage of ground water to prevent expansion or weakening of soils and frost heaving. While the far more common concrete foundation requires separate measures to ensure good soil drainage, the rubble trench foundation serves both foundation functions at once.

  9. Caisson (engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caisson_(engineering)

    Schematic cross section of a pressurized caisson. In geotechnical engineering, a caisson (/ ˈ k eɪ s ən,-s ɒ n /; borrowed from French caisson 'box', from Italian cassone 'large box', an augmentative of cassa) is a watertight retaining structure [1] used, for example, to work on the foundations of a bridge pier, for the construction of a concrete dam, [2] or for the repair of ships.