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Enamel may appear yellow/brown with discolouration and/or many pitted white-brown lesions similar to cavities. They are often described as "mottled teeth". [ 8 ] Fluorosis does not cause discolouration to the enamel directly, as upon eruption into the mouth, affected permanent teeth are not discoloured yet.
No single pathogen has been associated with the disease (the causative organisms are common in many environments) and there are no documented cases of person to person transmission. [1] [13] The underlying causes for this disease are extreme poverty, malnutrition, other causes of immunosuppression, underlying infections, and poor oral health. [1]
Lupus is an autoimmune disease that causes a red scaly rash on the cheeks and nose, says Dr. Parikh. In particular, the rash is characterized as looking like a butterfly across the face, she explains.
Angular cheilitis is thought to be a multifactorial disorder of infectious origin, [10] with many local and systemic predisposing factors. [11] The sores in angular cheilitis are often infected with fungi (yeasts), bacteria, or a combination thereof; [8] this may represent a secondary, opportunistic infection by these pathogens.
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (Gunther disease) is a rare congenital form of porphyria, and may be associated with red or brown discolored teeth. [ 1 ] [ 12 ] Hyperbilirubinemia during the years of tooth formation may make bilirubin incorporate into the dental hard tissues, causing yellow-green or blue-green discoloration. [ 1 ]
Oral and maxillofacial pathology refers to the diseases of the mouth ("oral cavity" or "stoma"), jaws ("maxillae" or "gnath") and related structures such as salivary glands, temporomandibular joints, facial muscles and perioral skin (the skin around the mouth). [1] [2] The mouth is an important organ with many different functions. It is also ...
Teeth displaying enamel hypoplasia lines, linear defects of enamel that form during crowns development as a result of periods of nutritional stress or disease during infancy and childhood Enamel hypoplasia is a risk factor for dental caries in children including early childhood caries (ECC), which continues to be a burden for many children.
Herpetic gingivostomatitis is an infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). The HSV is a double-stranded DNA virus categorised into two types; HSV-1 and HSV-2.HSV-1 is predominantly responsible for oral, facial and ocular infections whereas HSV-2 is responsible for most genital and cutaneous lower herpetic lesions.