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The nation of Finland has never been an independent sovereign monarchy: No attempt to establish a fully fledged Finnish monarchy has been successful.When it finally became established as a modern independent nation-state, it was – despite a very brief flirtation with monarchy – in the form of a republic.
This is a list of heads of state of Finland; that is, the kings of Sweden with regents and viceroys of the Kalmar Union, the grand dukes of Finland, a title used by most Swedish monarchs and Russian emperors, up to the two-year regency following the independence in 1917, with a brief flirtation with a truly domestic monarchy.
The Kingdom of Finland (Finnish: Suomen kuningaskunta; Swedish: Konungariket Finland; 1918–1919) was a failed attempt to establish a monarchy in Finland in the aftermath of the Finnish Declaration of Independence from Russia in December 1917 and the Finnish Civil War from January to May 1918.
The National Board of Navigation, later called the Finnish Maritime Administration, was founded 15 December 1917, and piloting became its responsibility. [29] [30] The attempt to establish a monarchy in Finland failed and in 1919 Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg became the first president. The first parliamentary elections were held in March 1919.
After the Civil War, Finland's form of government was to be a monarchy. Friedrich Karl had already been elected king of Finland, but the kingdom project was over when Germany lost in The First World War. Finland then became a republic whose government was confirmed on 17 July 1919. [6] Shortly thereafter, K.J. Ståhlberg was elected president ...
Finnish journals were founded, and Finnish became an official language in 1863. By the end of the century, there was a slight majority of Finnish-speaking students at the University of Helsinki, and Finnish-speakers made up sizable portions of the professions. [5] Finland's first political parties grew out of the language struggle.
The attempt to create a Kingdom of Finland in 1742 is a little-known chapter in the history of Finland.After the Russian occupation during the Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743) and vague promises of making Finland independent, Finns elected the Duke Peter of Holstein-Gottorp, who later became heir to the throne of Russia and Emperor as Peter III, as the King of Finland.
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