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  2. Hydrothermal vent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent

    Since sunlight does not reach deep-sea hydrothermal vents, organisms in deep-sea hydrothermal vents cannot obtain energy from the sun to perform photosynthesis. Instead, the microbial life found at hydrothermal vents is chemosynthetic; they fix carbon by using energy from chemicals such as sulfide, as opposed to light energy from the sun.

  3. Human thermoregulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_thermoregulation

    As in other mammals, human thermoregulation is an important aspect of homeostasis. In thermoregulation, body heat is generated mostly in the deep organs, especially the liver, brain, and heart, and in contraction of skeletal muscles. [1] Humans have been able to adapt to a great diversity of climates, including hot humid and hot arid.

  4. Atmospheric circulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_circulation

    The Earth's weather is a consequence of its illumination by the Sun and the laws of thermodynamics. The atmospheric circulation can be viewed as a heat engine driven by the Sun's energy and whose energy sink, ultimately, is the blackness of space. The work produced by that engine causes the motion of the masses of air, and in that process it ...

  5. Spring (hydrology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_(hydrology)

    Contact springs, which occur along the side of a hill or mountain, are created when the groundwater is underlaid by an impermeable layer of rock or soil known as an aquiclude or aquifuge [4] Fracture, or joint occur when groundwater running along an impermeable layer of rock meets a crack (fracture) or joint in the rock. [4]

  6. Water cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_cycle

    Aristotle correctly hypothesized that the sun played a role in the Earth's hydraulic cycle in his book Meteorology, writing "By it [the sun's] agency the finest and sweetest water is everyday carried up and is dissolved into vapor and rises to the upper regions, where it is condensed again by the cold and so returns to the earth.", and believed ...

  7. Marine biogeochemical cycles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_biogeochemical_cycles

    Water is the medium of the oceans, the medium which carries all the substances and elements involved in the marine biogeochemical cycles. Water as found in nature almost always includes dissolved substances, so water has been described as the "universal solvent" for its ability to dissolve so many substances.

  8. Runaway greenhouse effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runaway_greenhouse_effect

    Venus-like conditions on Earth require a large long-term forcing that is unlikely to occur until the sun brightens by some tens of percents, which will take a few billion years. [7] Earth is expected to experience a runaway greenhouse effect "in about 2 billion years as solar luminosity increases". [4]

  9. Effect of Sun angle on climate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effect_of_Sun_angle_on_climate

    Therefore, the sunbeam hitting the ground at a 30° angle spreads the same amount of light over twice as much area (if we imagine the Sun shining from the south at noon, the north–south width doubles; the east–west width does not). Consequently, the amount of light falling on each square mile is only half as much.