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Barberton is a town in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa, which has its origin in the 1880s gold rush in the region. It is situated in the De Kaap Valley and is fringed by the Makhonjwa Mountains. It is 43 kilometres (27 mi) south of Mbombela and 360 kilometres (220 mi) east of Johannesburg.
The Barberton Greenstone Belt is located on the Kaapvaal craton, which covers much of the southeastern part of Africa, and was formed by the emplacement of granitoid batholiths. [7] The Kaapvaal craton was once part of a supercontinent geologists term Vaalbara that also included the Pilbara craton of western Australia. [ 7 ]
Location of the Barberton Greenstone Belt. The Barberton Greenstone Belt is a geologic formation situated on the eastern edge of the Kaapvaal Craton in South Africa.It is known for its gold mineralisation and for its komatiites, an unusual type of ultramafic volcanic rock named after the Komati River that flows through the belt.
English: This is a simplified geologic map of the Barberton Greenstone belt, South Africa, showing three of the major Groups and their interactions as well as the Kaap Valley Craton. Date 10 October 2013, 15:38:59
It characterizes one of the most well-preserved and oldest pieces of continental crust today by containing rocks in the Barberton Granite Greenstone Terrain (3.55–3.22 Ga). The BGB is a small, cusp-shaped succession of volcanic and sedimentary rocks, surrounded on all sides by granitoid plutons which range in age from >3547 to <3225 Ma . [ 1 ]
The Makhonjwa Mountains or Barberton Makhonjwa Mountains are a range of small mountains and hills that covers an area of 120 by 60 kilometres (75 by 37 mi), about 80% in Mpumalanga, a province of South Africa, and the remainder in neighbouring Eswatini. [2] It constitutes 40% of the Barberton Greenstone Belt. [3]
The Kaapvaal Craton covers an area of approximately 1,200,000 km 2 (460,000 sq mi) and is joined to the Zimbabwe Craton to the north by the Limpopo Belt.To the south and west, the Kaapvaal Craton is flanked by Proterozoic orogens, and to the east by the Lebombo monocline that contains Jurassic igneous rocks associated with the break-up of Gondwana.
Umjindi was a local municipality of the Ehlanzeni District in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Barberton was the seat of the municipality. The municipality had a population of 53,744 according to the 2001 census. [3]