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The probes would be built by JPL, with the intention that they would last long enough to complete the original Grand Tour of the four giant planets, but be advertised as missions to only Jupiter and Saturn to reduce estimated total project costs. [2]: 263 The probes were to visit Jupiter, Saturn, and Saturn's moon Titan. Titan was a valuable ...
The Cassini probe also impacted Saturn at the end of its mission in 2017. However, independent investigators have challenged the claim of surviving bacteria on Surveyor 3 on the Moon. There is a possibility the contamination was caused by using a non-airtight container, [ 14 ] or when the samples were being taken in the clean room after Apollo 12.
Ranger 5 was a Block II Ranger spacecraft similar to Ranger 3 and Ranger 4.The basic vehicle was 3.1 m high and consisted of a lunar capsule covered with a balsawood impact-limiter, 65 cm in diameter, a mono-propellant mid-course motor, a retrorocket with a thrust of 5,080 lbf (22.6 kN), and a gold and chrome plated hexagonal base 1.5 m in diameter.
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The probe carried four instruments and six detectors to observe photons with energies ranging from soft X-rays to gamma rays, with a high energy resolution. [10] [7] Hitomi was built by an international collaboration led by JAXA with over 70 contributing institutions in Japan, the United States, Canada, and Europe, [10] and over 160 scientists ...
The Voyager program is an American scientific program that employs two interstellar probes, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2. They were launched in 1977 to take advantage of a favorable planetary alignment to explore the two gas giants Jupiter and Saturn and potentially also the ice giants, Uranus and Neptune - to fly near them while collecting data for ...
PROBA-2 is a small satellite (130 kg) developed under an ESA General Support Technology Program (GSTP) contract by a Belgian consortium led by Verhaert (now QinetiQ Space) of Kruibeke, Belgium. The nominal mission duration was two years. [ 1 ]
The probe's instrumentation was powered by silver-zinc and mercury-oxide batteries. [24] [27] A copy of the Soviet pennant sent on the Luna 2 probe to the Moon, at the Kansas Cosmosphere. The spacecraft also carried Soviet pennants which were located on the probe and on the Luna 2 rocket. [28]