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e. Word2vec is a technique in natural language processing (NLP) for obtaining vector representations of words. These vectors capture information about the meaning of the word based on the surrounding words. The word2vec algorithm estimates these representations by modeling text in a large corpus. Once trained, such a model can detect synonymous ...
The bag-of-words model (BoW) is a model of text which uses a representation of text that is based on an unordered collection (a "bag") of words. It is used in natural language processing and information retrieval (IR). It disregards word order (and thus most of syntax or grammar) but captures multiplicity. The bag-of-words model is commonly ...
To fully solve the problem, a simple tree is formed with the initial state as the root. The five possible actions ( 1,0,1 , 2,0,1 , 0,1,1 , 0,2,1 , and 1,1,1 ) are then subtracted from the initial state, with the result forming children nodes of the root. Any node that has more cannibals than missionaries on either bank is in an invalid state ...
Edit distance. In computational linguistics and computer science, edit distance is a string metric, i.e. a way of quantifying how dissimilar two strings (e.g., words) are to one another, that is measured by counting the minimum number of operations required to transform one string into the other. Edit distances find applications in natural ...
tf–idf. In information retrieval, tf–idf (also TF*IDF, TFIDF, TF–IDF, or Tf–idf), short for term frequency–inverse document frequency, is a measure of importance of a word to a document in a collection or corpus, adjusted for the fact that some words appear more frequently in general. [1] Like the bag-of-words model, it models a ...
The Levenshtein distance between two words is the minimum number of single-character edits (insertions, deletions or substitutions) required to change one word into the other. It is named after Soviet mathematician Vladimir Levenshtein, who defined the metric in 1965. [ 1 ] Levenshtein distance may also be referred to as edit distance, although ...
A* search algorithm. A* (pronounced "A-star") is a graph traversal and pathfinding algorithm, which is used in many fields of computer science due to its completeness, optimality, and optimal efficiency. [1] Given a weighted graph, a source node and a goal node, the algorithm finds the shortest path (with respect to the given weights) from ...
In theoretical computer science, a computational problem is one that asks for a solution in terms of an algorithm. For example, the problem of factoring. "Given a positive integer n, find a nontrivial prime factor of n." is a computational problem that has a solution, as there are many known integer factorization algorithms.