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Eye color. Eye color is a polygenic phenotypic trait determined by two factors: the pigmentation of the eye 's iris [1][2] and the frequency-dependence of the scattering of light by the turbid medium in the stroma of the iris. [3]: 9. In humans, the pigmentation of the iris varies from light brown to black, depending on the concentration of ...
8.7% global prevalence in 2020 [2] Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD), is a medical condition which may result in blurred or no vision in the center of the visual field. [1] Early on there are often no symptoms. [1] Over time, however, some people experience a gradual worsening of vision that may ...
The eye takes approximately 20–30 minutes to fully adapt from bright sunlight to complete darkness and becomes 10,000 to 1,000,000 times more sensitive than at full daylight. In this process, the eye's perception of color changes as well (this is called the Purkinje effect). However, it takes approximately five minutes for the eye to adapt ...
Carotenosis is a benign and reversible medical condition where an excess of dietary carotenoids results in orange discoloration of the outermost skin layer. The discoloration is most easily observed in light-skinned people and may be mistaken for jaundice. [1][2]: 540 [3]: 681 Carotenoids are lipid-soluble compounds that include alpha- and beta ...
September 19, 2024 at 1:04 AM. HOUSTON - Two surgeons are refuting a national warning issued this year. The American Academy of Ophthalmology issued a warning on the dangers of eye color-changing ...
The optic nerve is a bundle of millions of fibers in the retina that sends visual signals to the brain. Damage and death of these nerve cells, or neurons, leads to characteristic features of optic neuropathy. The main symptom is loss of vision, with colors appearing subtly washed out in the affected eye.
6–67 million [2][4] Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that lead to damage of the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. Glaucoma may cause vision loss if left untreated. It has been called the "silent thief of sight" because the loss of vision usually occurs slowly over a long period of time. [5]
Lipofuscin. Lipofuscin is the name given to fine yellow-brown pigment granules composed of lipid -containing residues of lysosomal digestion. [1][2] It is considered to be one of the aging or "wear-and-tear" pigments, found in the liver, kidney, heart muscle, retina, adrenals, nerve cells, and ganglion cells. [3]