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Sleeping Beauty problem. The Sleeping Beauty problem, also known as the Sleeping Beauty paradox, [1] is a puzzle in decision theory in which an ideally rational epistemic agent is told she will be awoken from sleep either once or twice according to the toss of a coin. Each time she will have no memory of whether she has been awoken before, and ...
Genre. Mathematics, problem solving. Publication date. 1945. ISBN. 9780691164076. How to Solve It (1945) is a small volume by mathematician George Pólya, describing methods of problem solving. [1] This book has remained in print continually since 1945.
Famous Trick Donkeys is a puzzle invented by Sam Loyd in 1858, [1] first printed on a card supposed to promote P.T. Barnum 's circus. At that time, the puzzle was first called "P.T. Barnum's trick mules". [2] Millions of cards were sold, with an estimated income for Sam Loyd of $10,000 from 1871 [3] —more than $200,000 in 2023 dollars.
The Zebra Puzzle is a well-known logic puzzle. Many versions of the puzzle exist, including a version published in Life International magazine on December 17, 1962. The March 25, 1963, issue of Life contained the solution and the names of several hundred successful solvers from around the world. The puzzle is often called Einstein's Puzzle or ...
Secretary problem. Graphs of probabilities of getting the best candidate (red circles) from n applications, and k / n (blue crosses) where k is the sample size. The secretary problem demonstrates a scenario involving optimal stopping theory [1][2] that is studied extensively in the fields of applied probability, statistics, and decision theory.
The Hundred-dollar, Hundred-digit Challenge problems are 10 problems in numerical mathematics published in 2002 by Nick Trefethen ( 2002 ). A $100 prize was offered to whoever produced the most accurate solutions, measured up to 10 significant digits. The deadline for the contest was May 20, 2002.
Word problem from the Līlāvatī (12th century), with its English translation and solution. In science education, a word problem is a mathematical exercise (such as in a textbook, worksheet, or exam) where significant background information on the problem is presented in ordinary language rather than in mathematical notation.
t. e. Problem solving is the process of achieving a goal by overcoming obstacles, a frequent part of most activities. Problems in need of solutions range from simple personal tasks (e.g. how to turn on an appliance) to complex issues in business and technical fields. The former is an example of simple problem solving (SPS) addressing one issue ...