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The epithelial lining of the mucosa, differs along the gastrointestinal tract. [1] The epithelium is described as stratified if it consists of multiple layers of cells, and simple if it is made up of one layer of cells. Terms used to describe the shape of the cells in it - columnar if column-shaped, and squamous if flat.
The inner part of the stomach wall is the gastric mucosa a mucous membrane that forms the lining of the stomach. the membrane consists of an outer layer of columnar epithelium, a lamina propria, and a thin layer of smooth muscle called the muscularis mucosa. Beneath the mucosa lies the submucosa, consisting of fibrous connective tissue. [17]
Diagram of the alkaline mucous layer in the stomach with mucosal defense mechanisms. The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach, which contains the gastric pits, to which the gastric glands empty. In humans, it is about one mm thick, and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety.
It is the innermost layer of the stomach. [5] It is affected by the hormone histamine, which signals it to release hydrochloric acid (HCl). Sub-mucosal layer – This layer consists of different vessels and nerves, ganglion neurons, and adipose tissue. It is the second layer of the stomach and supports the mucosa. [6]
The gastric mucosal barrier is the property of the stomach that allows it to safely contain the gastric acid required for digestion. If the barrier is broken, as by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) in acid solution, acid diffuses back into the mucosa where it can cause damage to the stomach itself.
Each serous membrane is composed of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer underneath.. The epithelial layer, known as mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flat nucleated cells (simple squamous epithelium) which produce the lubricating serous fluid.
It is present in the lining of the fallopian tubes, where currents generated by the cilia propel the egg cell toward the uterus. Ciliated columnar epithelium forms the neuroepithelium of the ependyma that lines the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord. These cilia move the cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF).
The gastric glands are glands in the lining of the stomach that play an essential role in the process of digestion. All of the glands have mucus-secreting foveolar cells (also known as surface mucous cells) that line the stomach and partly line the gastric pits, and mucus-secreting mucous neck cells in the necks of the gastric glands. [1]
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