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  2. Logical reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_reasoning

    Non-deductive reasoning plays a central role in everyday life and in most sciences. Often-discussed types are inductive, abductive, and analogical reasoning. Inductive reasoning is a form of generalization that infers a universal law from a pattern found in many individual cases.

  3. Analogy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analogy

    Analogy is a comparison or correspondence between two things (or two groups of things) because of a third element that they are considered to share. [1]In logic, it is an inference or an argument from one particular to another particular, as opposed to deduction, induction, and abduction.

  4. Argument from analogy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_analogy

    A false analogy is an informal fallacy, or a faulty instance, of the argument from analogy. An argument from analogy is weakened if it is inadequate in any of the above respects . The term "false analogy" comes from the philosopher John Stuart Mill , who was one of the first individuals to examine analogical reasoning in detail. [ 2 ]

  5. Psychology of reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology_of_reasoning

    For example, a problem-solving approach that works in one domain may be applied to a new, similar problem in a different domain. Analogical reasoning is particularly useful in scientific discovery and problem-solving tasks, as it can help generate hypotheses, create new theories, and develop innovative solutions. [31]

  6. Category:Philosophical analogies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Philosophical...

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  7. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    False analogy – an argument by analogy in which the analogy is poorly suited. [54] Hasty generalization (fallacy of insufficient statistics, fallacy of insufficient sample, fallacy of the lonely fact, hasty induction, secundum quid, converse accident, jumping to conclusions) – basing a broad conclusion on a small or unrepresentative sample ...

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  9. Case-based reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case-based_reasoning

    Case-based reasoning (CBR), broadly construed, is the process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems. [1] [2]In everyday life, an auto mechanic who fixes an engine by recalling another car that exhibited similar symptoms is using case-based reasoning.