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This timeline of Islamic history relates the Gregorian and Islamic calendars in the history of Islam. This timeline starts with the lifetime of Muhammad, which is believed by non-Muslims to be when Islam started, [1] though not by Muslims. [2] [3] [4]
625: Birth of Hasan ibn Ali, son of Ali and Fatimah and 2nd Shia imams. 626: Birth of Husayn ibn Ali, son of Ali and Fatimah and 3rd Shia imams. 627: Battle of the Trench. Invasion of Banu Qurayza. 628: Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. Battle of Khaybar. Muhammad sends letters to various heads of states. 629: Muhammad pilgrimage to Mecca. Battle of Mu'ta.
632: Work began on the compilation of the Quran into the form of a book (soon to be known as Mashaf-ul-Hafsa), in the era of Abu Bakr, the first Caliph of Islam. 632 – 661: The Rashidun Caliphate heralded the Arab conquest of Persia, Egypt and Iraq, bringing Islam to those regions.
However, Shia Muslims claim Ali was the first to convert to Islam. Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq [5] 3. First Muslim Male convert: Ali Ibn Abi Talib [6] 610 [6] Ali, is said to have supported Muhammed from his childhood and in some texts, is said to have converted to Islam just after his birth. It is commonly reported that Ali was the second, after ...
Similar events took place in 1925, when the Saudi militias retook—and this time managed to keep—the city. [317] [318] [319] In the Wahhabi interpretation of Islam, burial is to take place in unmarked graves. [316] Although the practice is frowned upon by the Saudis, many pilgrims continue to practice a ziyarat —a ritual visit—to the ...
The Hijri era is calculated according to the Islamic lunar calendar, whose epoch (first year) is the year of Muhammad's Hijrah, and begins on the first day of the month of Muharram (equivalent to the Julian calendar date of July 16, 622 CE). [2] [b] The date of the Hijrah itself did not form the Islamic New Year.
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
[2] [3] Prophetic biography, known as sīra, along with attributed records of the words, actions, and the silent approval of Muhammad, known as hadith, survive in the historical works of writers from the second and third centuries of the Muslim era (c. 700 −1000 CE), [4] [5] and give a great deal of information on Muhammad, but the ...