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This article provides a list of operational and under construction (or approved) high-speed rail networks, listed by country or region. While the International Union of Railways defines high-speed rail as public transport by rail at speeds of at least 200 km/h (124 mph) for upgraded tracks and 250 km/h (155 mph) or faster for new tracks, this article lists all the systems and lines that ...
High-speed service was introduced on the Rome-Milan line in 1988–89 with the ETR 450 Pendolino train, with a top speed of 250 km/h (160 mph) and cutting travel times from about 5 hours to 4. [7] The prototype train ETR X 500 was the first Italian train to reach 300 km/h (190 mph) on the Direttissima on 25 May 1989.
The Shinkansen network of Japan had the highest annual passenger ridership (a maximum of 353 million in 2007) of any high-speed rail network until 2011, until the Chinese high-speed railway network surpassed it at 370 million passengers annually, which later reached over 2.9 billion annual passengers in 2023.
Even nowadays, Italy is the only country in Europe with a private high-speed train operator. Construction of the Milan-Venice high-speed line began in 2013 and in December 2016 the Milan-Treviglio-Brescia section has been opened to passenger traffic; [ 27 ] the Milan-Genoa high-speed line (Terzo Valico dei Giovi) is also under construction.
In Japan, there is a so-called "4-hour wall" in high-speed rail's market share: If the high-speed rail journey time exceeds 4 hours, then people likely choose planes over high-speed rail. For instance, from Tokyo to Osaka, a 2h22m-journey by Shinkansen, high-speed rail has an 85% market share whereas planes have 15%.
Japan’s sleek Shinkansen bullet trains zoomed onto the railway scene in the 1960s, shrinking travel times and inspiring a global revolution in high-speed rail travel that continues to this day.
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