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Punchcutting is a craft used in traditional typography to cut letter punches in steel as the first stage of making metal type. [1] Steel punches in the shape of the letter would be used to stamp matrices into copper, which were locked into a mould shape to cast type. Cutting punches and casting type was the first step of traditional typesetting ...
The technique of imprinting multiple copies of symbols or glyphs with a master type punch made of hard metal first developed around 3000 BC in ancient Sumer.These metal punch types can be seen as precursors of the letter punches adapted in later millennia to printing with movable metal type.
A piece of cast metal type, Garamond style long s / i ligature. See also: movable type . Modern typographers view typography as a craft with a very long history tracing its origins back to the first punches and dies used to make seals and coinage currency in ancient times .
The punch force required to punch a piece of sheet metal can be estimated from the following equation: [4] F = 0.7 t L ( U T S ) {\displaystyle F=0.7tL(UTS)} Where t is the sheet metal thickness, L is the total length sheared (perimeter of the shape), and UTS is the ultimate tensile strength of the material.
Woodblock printing had been known in China for centuries. It was innovations in type casting that made for Gutenberg's breakthrough of commercially printing. [1] Although using matrices was a technique known well before his time, Johannes Gutenberg adapted their use to a conveniently adjustable hand mould, enabling one to easily and accurately cast identical multiple instances of any character.
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