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Substantial differences between these languages exist in the type system, in the extent to which each language supports object-oriented and functional programming, and in the similarity of their syntax to that of Java. Scala is statically typed, while both Groovy and Clojure are dynamically typed.
Scala: Application, general, parallel, distributed, web Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Data-oriented programming, metaprogramming De facto standard via Scala Language Specification (SLS) Scheme: Education, general Yes No Yes No No No meta, extensible-syntax De facto 1975-2013, R 0 RS, R 1 RS, R 2 RS, R 3 RS, R 4 RS, R 5 RS, R 6 RS, R 7 RS Small Edition ...
Statement separator – demarcates the boundary between two statements; need needed for the last statement Line continuation – escapes a newline to continue a statement on the next line Some languages define a special character as a terminator while some, called line-oriented , rely on the newline .
This comparison of programming languages compares how object-oriented programming languages such as C++, Java, Smalltalk, Object Pascal, Perl, Python, and others manipulate data structures. Object construction and destruction
Sees the most frequent usage in Java and Kotlin projects. Used for Java projects but can also support other programming languages via plugins like Scala, Groovy, and Kotlin. Sees the most frequent usage in Java projects. Primarily targets Scala, but it does have support for compiling Java code in mixed Scala/Java projects.
Java, Scala Yes Yes Push-pull Yes JPA, Hibernate JUnit, Selenium: Yes via Core Security module Yes Yes Server-side validation Spring: Java: Yes Yes Push Yes Hibernate, iBatis, more Mock objects, unit tests Spring Security (formerly Acegi) JSP, Commons Tiles, Velocity, Thymeleaf, more Ehcache, more Commons validator, Bean Validation: Stripes ...
Unlike the stand-alone Hello World application for Java, there is no class declaration and nothing is declared to be static. When the program is stored in file HelloWorld.scala, t
In addition the types size_t and ptrdiff_t are defined in relation to the address size to hold unsigned and signed integers sufficiently large to handle array indices and the difference between pointers. ^d Perl 5 does not have distinct types. Integers, floating point numbers, strings, etc. are all considered "scalars".