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Adenovirus infection is a contagious viral disease, caused by adenoviruses, commonly resulting in a respiratory tract infection. [ 1 ] [ 9 ] Typical symptoms range from those of a common cold , such as nasal congestion , rhinitis , and cough , to difficulty breathing as in pneumonia . [ 9 ]
A replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus vaccine vector (ChAdOx1) is used by the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine that has been approved for use. [52] [53] The Janssen COVID-19 vaccine uses modified recombinant adenovirus type-26 (Ad26). [54] Recombinant adenovirus type-5 (Ad5) are being used by Ad5-nCoV, [55] ImmunityBio and UQ-CSL V451.
Adenovirus genomes are linear, non-segmented double-stranded (ds) DNA molecules that are typically 26-46 Kbp long, containing 23-46 protein-coding genes. [1] The example used for the following description is Human adenovirus E, a mastadenovirus with a 36 Kbp genome containing 38 protein-coding genes. [ 2 ]
Human adenovirus 41 (HAdV-F41), is an enteric Adenovirus, a nonenveloped virus with an icosahedral nucleocapsid containing a double-stranded DNA genome. [ 1 ] It can particularly target the gastrointestinal tract to cause gastroenteritis , with symptoms similar to rotavirus gastroenteritis and norovirus . [ 2 ]
Human adenovirus 36 (HAdV-36) or Ad-36 or Adv36 is one of 52 types of adenoviruses known to infect humans. AD-36, first isolated in 1978 from the feces of a girl suffering from diabetes and enteritis, [ 1 ] has long been recognized as a cause of respiratory and eye infections in humans. [ 2 ]
HEK 293 cells were generated in 1973 by transfection of cultures of normal human embryonic kidney cells with sheared adenovirus 5 DNA in Alex van der Eb's laboratory in Leiden, the Netherlands. The cells were obtained from a single, aborted or miscarried fetus, the precise origin of which is unclear.
Adenovirus serotype 14 (Ad14) is a serovar of adenovirus which, unlike other adenovirus serovars, is known to cause potentially fatal adenovirus infections.According to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), as of September 2007, outbreaks have been identified in four states in the U.S., with ten identified deaths since May 2006.
Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXADR gene. [5] [6] [7] The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane receptor for group B coxsackie viruses and subgroup C adenoviruses. CAR protein is expressed in several tissues, including heart, brain, and, more generally, epithelial and ...