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In the 19th century, two contrasting methods of describing the flower were introduced: the textual floral formulae and pictorial floral diagrams. [2] Floral diagrams are credited to A. W. Eichler, whose extensive work Blüthendiagramme [3] [4] (1875, 1878) remains a valuable source of information on floral morphology.
Floral formulae are one of the two ways of describing flower structure developed during the 19th century, the other being floral diagrams. [2] The format of floral formulae differs according to the tastes of particular authors and periods, yet they tend to convey the same information. [1] A floral formula is often used along with a floral diagram.
There are many perfectly identifiable flowers in books like The Book of Hours [11] (two volumes) by the Master of Flowers (Maître-aux-fleurs, 15th century) or Jean Bourdichon's Grandes Heures of Anne of Brittany (between 1503 and 1508), with 337 plants from the Queen's garden, captioned in Latin and French. These artists' objective was, though ...
Plate of fuchsias by Miss Smith from Studies of Flowers from Nature, 1818–20. This plate was printed in outline to be colored by the book's owner and has been partially painted in. Studies of Flowers from Nature is a 19th-century botanical copybook notable for the high quality of its illustrations by an artist known only as "Miss Smith." [1] [2]
The opening of the 19th century was marked by an increase in interest in the connection between climate and plant distribution. Carl Willdenow (1765–1812) examined the connection between seed dispersal and distribution, the nature of plant associations and the impact of geological history.
Secondly it must be a system, i.e. deal with the relationships of plants. Although thinking about relationships of plants had started much earlier (see history of plant systematics), such systems really only came into being in the 19th century, as a result of an ever-increasing influx from all over the world of newly discovered plant species ...
Linnaeus's flower clock was a garden plan hypothesized by Carl Linnaeus that would take advantage of several plants that open or close their flowers at particular times of the day to accurately indicate the time. [1] [2] According to Linnaeus's autobiographical notes, he discovered and developed the floral clock in 1748. [3]
Most have bisexual flowers (with the exception of Kmeria and some species of Magnolia section Gynopodium), showy, fragrant, radial, and with an elongated receptacle. Leaves are alternate, simple, and sometimes lobed. The inflorescence is a solitary, showy flower with indistinguishable petals and sepals.