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Hinduism includes a diversity of ideas on spirituality and traditions; Hindus can be polytheistic, pantheistic, panentheistic, pandeistic, henotheistic, monotheistic, monistic, agnostic, atheistic or humanist. [64] [65] According to Mahatma Gandhi, "a man may not believe in God and still call himself a Hindu". [66]
Deities in Hinduism are as diverse as its traditions, and a Hindu can choose to be polytheistic, pantheistic, monotheistic, monistic, even agnostic, atheistic, or humanist. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The terms and epithets for deities within the diverse traditions of Hinduism vary, and include Deva , Devi , Ishvara , Ishvari , Bhagavān and Bhagavati .
Many forms of Hinduism believe in a type of monotheistic God, such as Krishnaism with polymorphic theism, some schools of Vedanta, and Arya Samaj. [ 60 ] [ 61 ] [ 62 ] Advaita Vedanta , for instance, espouses monism , and holds Brahman to be unchanging and undifferentiated from reality.
Hindus subscribe to a diversity of ideas on spirituality and traditions, but have no ecclesiastical order, no unquestionable religious authorities, no governing body, no prophet(s) nor any binding holy book; Hindus can choose to be polytheistic, pantheistic, monotheistic, monistic, agnostic, atheistic or humanist. [11] [12] [13]
In Hinduism, there are diverse approaches to conceptualizing God and gender.Many Hindus focus upon impersonal Absolute which is genderless.Other Hindu traditions conceive God as bigender (both female and male), alternatively as either male or female, while cherishing gender henotheism, that is without denying the existence of other gods in either gender.
Hindus subscribe to a diversity of ideas on spirituality and traditions, but have no ecclesiastical order, no unquestionable religious authorities, no governing body, nor a single founding prophet; Hindus can choose to be polytheistic, pantheistic, monotheistic, monistic, agnostic, atheistic or humanist.
The concept of God varies in Hinduism, it being a diverse system of thought with beliefs spanning henotheism, monotheism, polytheism, panentheism, pantheism and monism among others. [ 196 ] [ 197 ] In the ancient Vedic texts of Hinduism, a deity is often referred to as Deva (god) or Devi (goddess).
Hinduism, otherwise a highly polytheistic, pantheistic or monotheistic religion, also tolerated atheistic schools. The thoroughly materialistic and anti-religious philosophical Cārvāka school that originated around the 6th century BCE is the most explicitly atheistic school of Indian philosophy.