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Each antibody binds to a specific antigen in a highly specific interaction analogous to a lock and key.. An antibody (Ab) or immunoglobulin (Ig) is a large, Y-shaped protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily which is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize antigens such as bacteria and viruses, including those that cause disease.
In immunology the particular macromolecule bound by an antibody is referred to as an antigen and the area on an antigen to which the antibody binds is called an epitope. In some cases, an immunoassay may use an antigen to detect for the presence of antibodies, which recognize that antigen, in a solution.
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Antigen-antibody interaction, or antigen-antibody reaction, is a specific chemical interaction between antibodies produced by B cells of the white blood cells and antigens during immune reaction. The antigens and antibodies combine by a process called agglutination.
Snake antivenom is a medication made up of antibodies used to treat snake bites by venomous snakes. [1] It is a type of antivenom.. It is a biological product that typically consists of venom neutralizing antibodies derived from a host animal, such as a horse or sheep.
Antibody humanization is an example of beneficial genetic engineering in medicine today. [10] Humanized antibody refers to the creation of non-human antibody in vivo and in response to antigen, then the isolation and humanization of the framework and constant regions. It has been discovered that while these antibodies remain relatively intact ...
Hydrogen bond interactions will induce the enzymatic activity of an enzyme; therefore, the more hydrogen bonds that are present at the antibody-antigen binding site will result in a stronger, more stable binding structure. [1] The tertiary structure of an antibody is important to analyze and design new antibodies. The structure and sequence of ...
The descendants are capable of active liberation of soluble antibody and lymphocytes, the same functions as the parental forms. [5] [9] In 1958, Gustav Nossal and Joshua Lederberg showed that one B cell always produces only one antibody, which was the first direct evidence supporting the clonal selection theory. [6]