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The middle (third in number; provided the first layer being the anterior and outermost and the sixth layer being the posterior and the inner most), thickest layer is also called the stroma. The sclera, like the cornea, contains a basal endothelium, above which there is the lamina fusca, containing a high count of pigment cells. [6]
The stroma of the cornea (or substantia propria) is a fibrous, tough, unyielding, perfectly transparent and the thickest layer of the cornea of the eye. It is between Bowman's layer anteriorly, and Descemet's membrane posteriorly.
The ciliary nerves run under the endothelium and exit the eye through holes in the sclera apart from the optic nerve (which transmits only optic signals). [10] The nerves enter the cornea via three levels; scleral, episcleral and conjunctival. Most of the bundles give rise by subdivision to a network in the stroma, from which fibres supply the ...
The extracellular mesenchyme forms the sclera, the corneal endothelium and stroma, blood vessels, muscles, and vitreous. The eye begins to develop as a pair of optic vesicles on each side of the forebrain at the end of the fourth week of pregnancy.
The corneal limbus is the border between the cornea and the sclera. [2] It is highly vascularized. [2] The corneal limbus' responsibilities include protection, healing, and controlling eye pressure. The limbus contains corneal stem cells that play key roles in corneal healing (renewing the corneal epithelium). [3]
The episclera is the outermost layer of the sclera (the white of the eye). [1] It is composed of loose, fibrous, elastic tissue and attaches to Tenon's capsule. [1]A vascular plexus is found between the bulbar conjunctiva and the sclera consisting of two layers of vessels, the superficial episcleral vessels and the deep episcleral vessels.
The uveo-scleral pathway is increased with the use of glaucoma drugs such as prostaglandins (e.g., Xalatan, Travatan). The trabecular meshwork had previously been thought to arise from a point (apex) corresponding to the termination of the DM ( Schwalbe's line ) however it is now considered to extend into the cornea, forming the Dua's layer .
A hollow structure, the bulbus oculi is composed of a wall enclosing a cavity filled with fluid with three coats: the sclera, choroid, and the retina. [2] Normally, the bulbus oculi is bulb-like structure. [3] However, the bulbus oculi is not completely spherical.