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The term "end-to-end encryption" originally only meant that the communication is never decrypted during its transport from the sender to the receiver. [9] For example, around 2003, E2EE has been proposed as an additional layer of encryption for GSM [10] or TETRA, [11] in addition to the existing radio encryption protecting the communication between the mobile device and the network infrastructure.
Visual cryptography is a cryptographic technique which allows visual information (pictures, text, etc.) to be encrypted in such a way that the decrypted information appears as a visual image. One of the best-known techniques has been credited to Moni Naor and Adi Shamir , who developed it in 1994. [ 1 ]
First layer of the encryption: The ciphertext of the original readable message is hashed, and subsequently the symmetric keys are encrypted via the asymmetric key – e.g. deploying the algorithm RSA. In an intermediate step the ciphertext, and the hash digest of the ciphertext are combined into a capsule, and packed together.
Authenticated Encryption (AE) is an encryption scheme which simultaneously assures the data confidentiality (also known as privacy: the encrypted message is impossible to understand without the knowledge of a secret key [1]) and authenticity (in other words, it is unforgeable: [2] the encrypted message includes an authentication tag that the sender can calculate only while possessing the ...
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is an industry standard for encrypting private data sent over the Internet to help protect your account and information. Learn what SSL is and how we use it to protect your account.
ACE-KEM – NESSIE selection asymmetric encryption scheme; IBM Zurich Research . ACE Encrypt; Chor-Rivest; Diffie-Hellman – key agreement; CRYPTREC recommendation; El Gamal – discrete logarithm
For a variable-length message, the data must first be partitioned into separate cipher blocks. In the simplest case, known as electronic codebook (ECB) mode, a message is first split into separate blocks of the cipher's block size (possibly extending the last block with padding bits), and then each block is encrypted and decrypted independently ...
Cryptographic protocols can sometimes be verified formally on an abstract level. When it is done, there is a necessity to formalize the environment in which the protocol operates in order to identify threats.