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tumor, mass, fluid collection Greek -μα (-ma), suffix added to verbs to form nouns indicating the result of a process or action; cf. English -tion: sarcoma, teratoma, mesothelioma: omphal(o)-of or pertaining to the navel, the umbilicus: Greek ὀμφαλός (omphalós), navel, belly-button omphalotomy: onco-tumor, bulk, volume Greek ...
The c-prefix is implicit in absence of the p-prefix. p: stage given by histopathologic examination of a surgical specimen; y: stage assessed after chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy; in other words, the individual had neoadjuvant therapy. r: stage for a recurrent tumor in an individual that had some period of time free from the disease.
The following is a list of cancer types. Cancer is a group of diseases that involve abnormal increases in the number of cells , with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. [ 1 ]
Tumor markers can be molecules that are produced in higher amounts by cancer cells than normal cells, but can also be produced by other cells from a reaction with the cancer. [ 2 ] The markers can't be used to give patients a diagnosis but can be compared with the result of other tests like biopsy or imaging.
Cancer DALYs attributable to 11 Level 2 risk factors globally in 2019. [130] Cancer prevention is defined as active measures to decrease cancer risk. [131] The vast majority of cancer cases are due to environmental risk factors. Many of these environmental factors are controllable lifestyle choices. Thus, cancer is generally preventable. [132]
Cancer staging can be divided into a clinical stage and a pathologic stage. In the TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis) system, clinical stage and pathologic stage are denoted by a small "c" or "p" before the stage (e.g., cT3N1M0 or pT2N0). This staging system is used for most forms of cancer, except brain tumors and hematological malignancies.
Cancer cells are cells that divide continually, forming solid tumors or flooding the blood or lymph with abnormal cells. [1] Cell division is a normal process used by the body for growth and repair.
Hematological malignancies are malignant neoplasms ("cancer"), and they are generally treated by specialists in hematology and/or oncology. In some centers "hematology/oncology" is a single subspecialty of internal medicine while in others they are considered separate divisions (there are also surgical and radiation oncologists).