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Alligation is an old and practical method of solving arithmetic problems related to mixtures of ingredients. There are two types of alligation: alligation medial, used to find the quantity of a mixture given the quantities of its ingredients, and alligation alternate, used to find the amount of each ingredient needed to make a mixture of a given quantity.
The Wilke mixing rule is capable of describing the correct viscosity behavior of gas mixtures showing a nonlinear and non-monotonical behavior, or showing a characteristic bump shape, when the viscosity is plotted versus mass density at critical temperature, for mixtures containing molecules of very different sizes.
In crystallography, materials science and metallurgy, Vegard's law is an empirical finding (heuristic approach) resembling the rule of mixtures.In 1921, Lars Vegard discovered that the lattice parameter of a solid solution of two constituents is approximately a weighted mean of the two constituents' lattice parameters at the same temperature: [1] [2]
In materials science, a general rule of mixtures is a weighted mean used to predict various properties of a composite material. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It provides a theoretical upper- and lower-bound on properties such as the elastic modulus , ultimate tensile strength , thermal conductivity , and electrical conductivity . [ 3 ]
The Lorentz rule was proposed by H. A. Lorentz in 1881: [5] = + The Lorentz rule is only analytically correct for hard sphere systems. Intuitively, since , loosely reflect the radii of particle i and j respectively, their averages can be said to be the effective radii between the two particles at which point repulsive interactions become severe.
However, for real (non-ideal) gases, the results differ. [3] Dalton's law of partial pressures assumes that the gases in the mixture are non-interacting (with each other) and each gas independently applies its own pressure, the sum of which is the total pressure.
Richmann's law, [1] [2] sometimes referred to as Richmann's rule, [3] Richmann's mixing rule, [4] Richmann's rule of mixture [5] or Richmann's law of mixture, [6] is a physical law for calculating the mixing temperature when pooling multiple bodies. [5]
In chemistry, a mixture is a material made up of two or more different chemical substances which can be separated by physical method. It is an impure substance made up of 2 or more elements or compounds mechanically mixed together in any proportion. [ 1 ]