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[3] [4] In contrast, when genes are knocked out, they are completely erased from the organism's genome and, thus, have no expression. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Gene silencing is considered a gene knockdown mechanism since the methods used to silence genes, such as RNAi , CRISPR , or siRNA , generally reduce the expression of a gene by at least 70% but do not ...
Drug efflux is regulatory process in which toxic compounds (i.e. drugs for cancer) get removed from a cell to reduce its cytotoxic effects. [22] However, research suggests there are ways to overcome this type of drug resistance, with one being through the use of epigenetic factor inhibitors.
A hypomethylating agent (or demethylating agent [1]) is a drug that inhibits DNA methylation: the modification of DNA nucleotides by addition of a methyl group.Because DNA methylation affects cellular function through successive generations of cells without changing the underlying DNA sequence, treatment with a hypomethylating agent is considered a type of epigenetic therapy.
To carry out gene expression, a cell must control the coiling and uncoiling of DNA around histones.This is accomplished with the assistance of histone acetyl transferases (HAT), which acetylate the lysine residues in core histones leading to a less compact and more transcriptionally active euchromatin, and, on the converse, the actions of histone deacetylases (HDAC), which remove the acetyl ...
Image illustrates DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. The first two are nucleic acids. A nucleic acid inhibitor is a type of antibacterial that acts by inhibiting the production of nucleic acids. There are two major classes: DNA inhibitors and RNA inhibitors. [1] The antifungal flucytosine acts in a similar manner.
Many drugs have been discovered to treat the disease but mutations in the virus and resistance to the drugs make development difficult. Integrase is a viral enzyme that integrates retroviral DNA into the host cell genome. Integrase inhibitors are a new class of drugs used in the treatment of HIV.
Integrase inhibitors (INIs) are a class of antiretroviral drug designed to block the action of integrase, a viral enzyme that inserts the viral genome into the DNA of the host cell. Since integration is a vital step in retroviral replication, blocking it can halt further spread of the virus.
Therefore, in those instances it is important to have potential drugs that can alter the methylation status of the gene and increase expression levels. To increase gene expression, one may try to decrease CpG methylation by using a drug that works as DNA methyltransferase inhibitor such as decitabine or 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. [1]