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Image illustrates DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. The first two are nucleic acids. A nucleic acid inhibitor is a type of antibacterial that acts by inhibiting the production of nucleic acids. There are two major classes: DNA inhibitors and RNA inhibitors. [1] The antifungal flucytosine acts in a similar manner.
Freidman et al. [18] estimate that >45,000 miRNA target sites within human mRNA 3'UTRs are conserved above background levels, and >60% of human protein-coding genes have been under selective pressure to maintain pairing to miRNAs. [citation needed] Direct experiments show that a single miRNA can reduce the stability of hundreds of unique mRNAs ...
In addition, procaine can effectively restore the gene expression of tumor suppressor genes by demethylating densely hypermethylated CpG-enriched DNA. [8] For human liver cancer cells, procaine is capable of reducing tumor volume by suppressing the cell viability of HLE, HuH7, and HuH6 cells, and it has shown effective inhibition of S/G2/M ...
Synthetic lethality with the topoisomerase inhibitor irinotecan appears to occur when given to cancer patients with deficient expression of the DNA repair gene WRN. [ citation needed ] The analysis of 630 human primary tumors in 11 tissues shows that hypermethylation of the WRN CpG island promoter (with loss of expression of WRN protein) is a ...
A hypomethylating agent (or demethylating agent [1]) is a drug that inhibits DNA methylation: the modification of DNA nucleotides by addition of a methyl group.Because DNA methylation affects cellular function through successive generations of cells without changing the underlying DNA sequence, treatment with a hypomethylating agent is considered a type of epigenetic therapy.
To carry out gene expression, a cell must control the coiling and uncoiling of DNA around histones.This is accomplished with the assistance of histone acetyl transferases (HAT), which acetylate the lysine residues in core histones leading to a less compact and more transcriptionally active euchromatin, and, on the converse, the actions of histone deacetylases (HDAC), which remove the acetyl ...
Drug efflux is regulatory process in which toxic compounds (i.e. drugs for cancer) get removed from a cell to reduce its cytotoxic effects. [22] However, research suggests there are ways to overcome this type of drug resistance, with one being through the use of epigenetic factor inhibitors.
Azacitidine is a chemical analogue of the nucleoside cytidine, which is present in DNA and RNA.It is thought to have antineoplastic activity via two mechanisms – at low doses, by inhibiting of DNA methyltransferase, causing hypomethylation of DNA, [16] and at high doses, by its direct cytotoxicity to abnormal hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow through its incorporation into DNA and RNA ...