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The Woolwich process was expensive: it needed 11 pounds (5.0 kg) of strong nitric acid for every pound of RDX. [49] By early 1941, the NDRC was researching new processes. [49] The Woolwich or direct nitration process has at least two serious disadvantages: (1) it used large amounts of nitric acid and (2) at least one-half of the formaldehyde is ...
RDX is a widely used explosive material that is produced by the nitrolysis reaction of hexamine. Nitrolysis is a chemical reaction involving cleavage ("lysis") of a chemical bond concomitant with installation of a nitro group (NO 2). Typical reagents for effecting this conversion are nitric acid and acetyl nitrate.
Mixture of nitric and acetic acids or nitric acid and acetic anhydride is commercially important in the production of RDX, as amines are destructed by sulfuric acid. Acetyl nitrate had also been used as a nitration agent. [14] [15] In the Wolffenstein–Böters reaction, benzene reacts with nitric acid and mercury(II) nitrate to give picric acid.
Both acetic acid and nitric acid are used to make HMX and RDX. According to Reuters calculations, based on scientific literature and reviewed by an explosives expert, 5,000 tons of nitric acid ...
Nitric acid is an inorganic compound with the formula H N O 3.It is a highly corrosive mineral acid. [6] The compound is colorless, but samples tend to acquire a yellow cast over time due to decomposition into oxides of nitrogen.
HMX is more complicated to manufacture than most explosives, and this confines it to specialist applications. It and RDX are both produced by the Bachmann process—nitration of hexamine using a mixture of ammonium nitrate and nitric acid in a mixture of acetic acid and acetic anhydride as solvent—with the major product determined by the specific reaction conditions.
Production is by the reaction of pentaerythritol with concentrated nitric acid to form a precipitate which can be recrystallized from acetone to give processable crystals. [17] Variations of a method first published in US Patent 2,370,437 by Acken and Vyverberg (1945 to Du Pont) form the basis of all current commercial production. [citation needed]
3. Diet. You are what you eat — and what you eat (or don’t eat) can affect your hair health. Certain diets, particularly those that lead to deficiencies in minerals and vitamins such as ...