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The Constitution of Norway (complete name: The Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway; Danish: Kongeriget Norges Grundlov; [1] Norwegian Bokmål: Kongeriket Norges Grunnlov; Norwegian Nynorsk: Kongeriket Noregs Grunnlov) was adopted on 16 May and signed on 17 May 1814 by the Norwegian Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll.
Grunnlovsforsamlingen Eidsvoll 1814 - painting by Oscar Wergeland.The speaker is C.M.Falsen and next to him sits W.F.K.Christie. The Norwegian Constituent Assembly (Norwegian: Grunnlovsforsamlingen or Riksforsamlingen) is the name given to the 1814 constitutional assembly that adopted the Norwegian Constitution and formalised the dissolution of the union with Denmark.
1814 has historically been considered the most important year in the history of Norway.Sovereignty was transferred from the King of Denmark to the King of Sweden.The Constitution of Norway was signed at Eidsvoll on May 17, later to be designated and celebrated as Norwegian Constitution Day.
A government was established and a constitution written, under which Christian Frederick was elected king of Norway in May 1814. The fledgeling Norwegian state was unable to gain support or recognition from any foreign powers, and was defeated in a two-week war with Sweden in the summer of 1814.
The 1814 Norwegian Constitution established foundational democratic principles such as the separation of powers, free elections, and civil liberties. [28] Over time, Norway has continuously refined its governance mechanisms to ensure that citizens remain active participants in the democratic process.
The Constituent Assembly convened at Eidsvoll Manor to draw up the Constitution of Norway. The delegates were popularly dubbed the "Eidsvoll men" (Eidsvollsmennene). The new constitution was agreed on 16 May 1814, and signed and dated the following day. Elections to a second Constituent Assembly were held on 14 August. [1]
An 1885 painting depicting the 1814 Constituent Assembly. In 1814, Norway was transferred to the Kingdom of Sweden as part of the Treaty of Kiel. [46] An attempt to create an independent Norway led to the creation of a constitution by the Norwegian Constituent Assembly. [47]
The highest level of law is the Constitution of 17 May 1814. Statutes made under the Constitution are subordinate to it. Regulations made under such a statute are subordinate to such law. The first state-issued national Law-Code for Norway was Magnus Lagabøtes landslov (or the 'Code of the Norwegian Realm'), issued in 1274 by Magnus VI of Norway.