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The word Elohim occurs more than 2500 times in the Hebrew Bible, with meanings ranging from "gods" in a general sense (as in Exodus 12:12, where it describes "the gods of Egypt"), to specific gods (the frequent references to Yahweh as the "elohim" of Israel), to seraphim, and other supernatural beings, to the spirits of the dead brought up at ...
The word is identical to elohim meaning gods and is cognate to the 'lhm found in Ugaritic, where it is used for the pantheon of Canaanite gods, the children of El and conventionally vocalized as "Elohim" although the original Ugaritic vowels are unknown. When the Hebrew Bible uses elohim not in reference to God, it is plural (for example ...
Albrecht Alt presented his theories on the original differences of such gods in Der Gott der Väter in 1929. [61] But others have argued that from patriarchal times, these different names were generally understood to refer to the same single great god, El. This is the position of Frank Moore Cross (1973). [62]
Alternatively, Ba' al is a divine co-regent with El, where El was the executive while Ba' al was the sustainer of the cosmos. [34] The Baʿal of Ugarit was the epithet of Hadad, but as time passed, the epithet became the god's name while Hadad became the epithet. [35]
N. T. Wright differentiates between 'God' and 'god' when it refers to the deity or essentially a common noun. [7] Murray J. Harris wrote that in NA 26 (USB 3) θεος appears 1,315 times. [8] The Bible Translator reads that "when referring to the one supreme God... it frequently is preceded, but need not be, by the definite article" (Ho theos ...
Genesis 1:1, see also Elohim and Names of God in Judaism § Elohim. אֱלֹהִ֑ים , 'ĕ-lō-hîm ('[the] gods' or 'God') – MT (4QGen b) 4QGen g SP. [6] Grammatically speaking, the word elohim is a masculine plural noun meaning "gods", but it is often translated as singular and capitalised as Elohim, meaning "God". ο θεός, 'the ...
The term "angel of God" (Heb. mal'akh 'Elohim) occurs 12 times (2 of which are plural). The following are examples: Genesis 31:11. The angel of God calls out to Jacob in a dream and tells him "I am the God of Bethel". Exodus 14:19. The angel of God leads the camp of Israel, and also follows behind them, with the pillar of fire. Judges 13:9.
The Elohist is so named because of its pervasive use of the word Elohim to refer to the Israelite God. The Elohist source is characterized by, among other things, an abstract view of God, using Horeb instead of Sinai for the mountain where Moses received the laws of Israel and the use of the phrase "fear of God". [5]