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An equianalgesic chart can be a useful tool, but the user must take care to correct for all relevant variables such as route of administration, cross tolerance, half-life and the bioavailability of a drug. [5] For example, the narcotic levorphanol is 4–8 times stronger than morphine, but also has a much longer half-life. Simply switching the ...
Perindopril is taken in the form of perindopril arginine (with arginine, brand names include Coversyl, Coversum) or perindopril erbumine (with erbumine (tert-Butylamine), brand name Aceon). Both forms are therapeutically equivalent and interchangeable, [4] but the dose prescribed to achieve the same effect differs between the two forms.
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Using a fixed combination of an ACE inhibitor and a chlorosulfamoyl diuretic leads to additive synergy of the antihypertensive effects of the two constituents. Its pharmacological properties are derived from those of each of the components taken separately, in addition to those due to the additive synergistic action of the two constituents, when combined, on vascular endothelium ...
The lethal dose of carfentanil is uncertain, [13] but is predicted to be much smaller. [14] Diameter of a US penny is 19.05 mm, or 0.75 inches. Over three hundred cases of overdose related to fentanyl and Carfentanil analogues were reported between August and November 2016 in several of the United States, including Ohio , West Virginia ...
This image is a derivative work of the following images: File:Drug_danger_and_dependence.png licensed with Cc-by-sa-3.0, GFDL 2010-04-02T14:29:42Z Thundermaker 722x420 (32424 Bytes) Color-code based on drug category from the reference data.
Modified-release dosage is a mechanism that (in contrast to immediate-release dosage) delivers a drug with a delay after its administration (delayed-release dosage) or for a prolonged period of time (extended-release [ER, XR, XL] dosage) or to a specific target in the body (targeted-release dosage).
First-pass metabolism may occur in the liver (for propranolol, lidocaine, clomethiazole, and nitroglycerin) or in the gut (for benzylpenicillin and insulin). [4] The four primary systems that affect the first pass effect of a drug are the enzymes of the gastrointestinal lumen, [5] gastrointestinal wall enzymes, [6] [7] [8] bacterial enzymes [5] and hepatic enzymes.