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Pap test. The Papanicolaou test (abbreviated as Pap test, also known as Pap smear (AE), [1] cervical smear (BE), cervical screening (BE), [2] or smear test (BE)) is a method of cervical screening used to detect potentially precancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix (opening of the uterus or womb) or, more rarely, anus (in both men and ...
Papanicolaou stain (also Papanicolaou's stain and Pap stain) is a multichromatic (multicolored) cytological staining technique developed by George Papanicolaou in 1942. [1][2][3] The Papanicolaou stain is one of the most widely used stains in cytology, [1] where it is used to aid pathologists in making a diagnosis.
Georgios Nikolaou Papanikolaou (or George Papanicolaou / ˌpæpəˈnɪkəlaʊ /; Greek: Γεώργιος Ν. Παπανικολάου [papanikoˈlau]; 13 May 1883 – 19 February 1962) was a Greek physician, zoologist and microscopist who was a pioneer in cytopathology and early cancer detection, and inventor of the pap smear for detection of ...
Andromachi " Mary " Mavrogeni Papanikolaou[note 1] (1890-13 October 1982) was a Greek laboratory technician and the wife of Georgios Papanikolaou, the Greek pathologist who independently invented the pap test. For 21 years, Mary Papanikolaou volunteered to have her cervix sampled and smeared by her husband to help with his efforts to create the ...
Cervical cancer screening is a medical screening test designed to identify risk of cervical cancer. Cervical screening may involve looking for viral DNA, and/or to identify abnormal, potentially precancerous cells within the cervix as well as cells that have progressed to early stages of cervical cancer. [1][2] One goal of cervical screening is ...
The Bethesda system (TBS), officially called The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology, is a system for reporting cervical or vaginal cytologic diagnoses, [1] used for reporting Pap smear results. It was introduced in 1988 [2] and revised in 1991, [3] 2001, [1][4][5] and 2014. [6] The name comes from the location (Bethesda, Maryland ...
Women aged 30–65 should preferably be tested every 5 years with both the HPV test and the Pap test. In other age groups, a Pap test alone can suffice unless they have been diagnosed with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US). [133] Co-testing with a Pap test and HPV test is recommended because it decreases the rate of ...
The Pap test can be used as a screening test, but produces a false negative in up to 50% of cases of cervical cancer. [46] [47] Other concerns is the cost of doing Pap tests, which make them unaffordable in many areas of the world. [48] Confirmation of the diagnosis of cervical cancer or precancer requires a biopsy of the cervix.