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The Safavid Shāh Ismā'īl I established the Twelver denomination of Shīʿa Islam as the official religion of the Persian Empire, marking one of the most important turning points in the history of Islam. [5] The Safavid dynasty had its origin in the Safavid order of Sufism, which was established in the city of Ardabil in the Iranian ...
Safavid culture is often admired for the large-scale city planning and architecture, achievements made during the reign of later shahs, but the arts of persian miniature, book-binding and calligraphy, in fact, never received as much attention as they did during his time. [89]
This traced the Safavid family's lineage back to the eighth Shia Imam Ali ibn Musa al-Rida, who is buried in the Imam Reza shrine, the most revered location in Safavid Iran. The status of the Safavid family was enhanced due to their connections with Ali and Muhammad's family, as recognized by sources up to the 20th-century. [22]
The siege of Isfahan (Persian: سقوط اصفهان) was a six-month-long siege of Isfahan, the capital of the Safavid dynasty of Iran, by the Hotaki-led Afghan army.It lasted from March to October 1722 and resulted in the city's fall and the beginning of the end of the Safavid dynasty.
The Safavid order, (Persian: طریقت صفویه) also called the Safaviyya (Persian: صفویه), was a Sufi order [1] [2] founded by the Kurdish [3] [4] mystic Safi-ad-Din Ardabili (1252–1334 AD).
In October, Khomeini's son Mostafa died. Though the cause appeared to be a heart attack, anti-Shah groups blamed SAVAK poisoning and proclaimed him a 'martyr.' A subsequent memorial service for Mostafa in Tehran put Khomeini back in the spotlight and began the process of building Khomeini into the leading opponent of the Shah. [43] [44]
The Battle of Gulnabad (Pashto: ده ګلونآبد جنګ, romanized: Dh Gulonābād Džng; Persian: نبرد گلونآباد, romanized: Nabard-e Golūnābād) was fought between the military forces from the Hotak dynasty and the army of the Safavid Empire on Sunday, March 8, 1722.
Starting in 1514, for over a century the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Iran were engaged in almost constant warfare over control of the South Caucasus and Mesopotamia.The two states were the greatest powers of West Asia, and the rivalry was further fueled by dogmatic differences: the Ottomans were Sunnis, while the Safavids were staunch Shia Muslims, who were seen as heretics by the Ottomans.