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In a stack machine, the operands used in the instructions are always at a known offset (set in the stack pointer), from a fixed location (the bottom of the stack, which in a hardware design might always be at memory location zero), saving precious in-cache or in-CPU storage from being used to store quite so many memory addresses or index ...
Machine code is generally different from bytecode (also known as p-code), which is either executed by an interpreter or itself compiled into machine code for faster (direct) execution. An exception is when a processor is designed to use a particular bytecode directly as its machine code, such as is the case with Java processors .
Separate from the stack definition of a MISC architecture, is the MISC architecture being defined by the number of instructions supported. Typically a minimal instruction set computer is viewed as having 32 or fewer instructions, [1] [2] [3] where NOP, RESET, and CPUID type instructions are usually not counted by consensus due to their fundamental nature.
Some machines use a stack for arithmetic and logical operations; operands are pushed onto the stack, and arithmetic and logical operations act on the top one or more items on the stack, popping them off the stack and pushing the result onto the stack. Machines that function in this fashion are called stack machines. A number of mainframes and ...
The Burroughs Large Systems Group produced a family of large 48-bit mainframes using stack machine instruction sets with dense syllables. [NB 1] The first machine in the family was the B5000 in 1961, which was optimized for compiling ALGOL 60 programs extremely well, using single-pass compilers.
The simple model provided in a stack-oriented language allows expressions and programs to be interpreted simply and theoretically evaluated much faster, since no syntax analysis needs to be done but lexical analysis. The way such programs are written facilitates being interpreted by machines, which is why PostScript suits printers well for its use.
The code in many of these systems operated on a last-in-first-out (LIFO) stack of operands, for which compiler theory was well-developed. Most modern processors have special hardware support for subroutine "call" and "return" instructions, so the overhead of one extra machine instruction per dispatch is somewhat diminished.
Ignite (formerly ShBoom and PSC 1000, stylized as IGNITE) is a two stack, stack machine reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessor architecture. [1] The architecture was originally developed by Russell H. Fish III and Chuck H. Moore, Nanotronics, which was later acquired by Patriot Scientific Corporation. The processor is one of the ...