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A branchiostegal lung is a respiration organ used by some air-breathing arthropods.It is one of the most significant adaptations of some crabs [1] and hermit crabs such as the coconut crab to their terrestrial habitats.
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The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary ...
Game content, including graphics, animation, sound, and physics, is authored in the 3D modeling and animation suite Blender [1] Blender Game Engine: C, C++: 2000 Python: Yes 2D, 3D Windows, Linux, macOS, Solaris: Yo Frankie!, Sintel The Game, ColorCube: GPL-2.0-or-later: 2D/3D game engine packaged in a 3D modelar with integrated Bullet physics ...
The lungs possess several characteristics which protect against infection. The respiratory tract is lined by respiratory epithelium or respiratory mucosa, with hair-like projections called cilia that beat rhythmically and carry mucus. This mucociliary clearance is an important defence system against air-borne infection. [34]
The lungs can be included in the lower respiratory tract or as separate entity and include the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli. [3] Adult and pediatric airway anatomy. The respiratory tract can also be divided into a conducting zone and a respiratory zone, based on the distinction of transporting gases or ...
The cells in the respiratory epithelium are of five main types: a) ciliated cells, b) goblet cells, c) brush cells, d) airway basal cells, and e) small granule cells (NDES) [6] Goblet cells become increasingly fewer further down the respiratory tree until they are absent in the terminal bronchioles; club cells take over their role to some extent here. [7]