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A normal nonstress test will show a baseline fetal heart rate between 110 and 160 beats per minute with moderate variability (5- to 25-interbeat variability) and 2 qualifying accelerations in 20 minutes with no decelerations. "Reactive" is defined as the presence of two or more fetal heart rate accelerations within a 20-minute period. Each ...
A Zigzag pattern of fetal heart rate (FHR) is defined as FHR baseline amplitude changes of more than 25 beats per minute (bpm) with a minimum duration of 2 minutes and maximum of 30 minutes. [19] However, according to another study, even a >1 min duration of the zigzag pattern is associated with an increased risk of adverse neonatal outcomes. [21]
One randomized controlled trial, however, came to the result of a higher perinatal death rate of normally formed infants born after 24 weeks exposed to Doppler ultrasonography (RR 3.95, 95% CI 1.32–11.77), but this was not a primary outcome of the study, and has been speculated to be due to chance rather than a harmful effect of Doppler itself.
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The heart rate increases, but generally not above 100 beats/ minute. Total systematic vascular resistance decreases by 20% secondary to the vasodilatory effect of progesterone. Overall, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure drops 10–15 mm Hg in the first trimester and then returns to baseline in the second half of pregnancy. [ 6 ]
Cardiac activity is visible beginning at approximately 5 weeks of pregnancy. The human heart begins beating at a rate near the mother's, about 75-80 beats per minute (BPM). The embryonic heart rate (EHR) then accelerates linearly for the first month of beating, peaking at 165-185 BPM during the early 7th week, (early 9th week after the LMP).
Normal (2 points) Abnormal (0 points) NST/Reactive FHR At least two accelerations in 20 minutes Less than two accelerations to satisfy the test in 20 minutes US: Fetal breathing movements At least one episode of > 30s or >20s [3] in 30 minutes None or less than 30s or 20s [3] US: Fetal activity / gross body movements
Gestational age: 8 weeks and 0 days until 8 weeks and 6 days old. 57–63 days from last menstruation. Embryonic age: Week nr 7. 6 weeks old. 43–49 days from fertilization. The embryo measures 18 mm (3 ⁄ 4 in) in length. Fetal heart tone (the sound of the heart beat) can be heard using doppler. Nipples and hair follicles begin to form.