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Bombay and Surat on the Arabian sea coast and Madras (today’s Chennai) or - as the British named it - Fort St. George, were the four main locations of Indo-European trade during the 17th century. Trade as a tool for the Early World Globalization was very prosperous and profitable for both the European and the Indian merchants.
The Mughal empire has developed relationships with Europeans such as British, Portuguese, Russia, and France. Mughal relations with the British in the 16th century are quite difficult, as local Mughal officials usually exploited the East India Company, who responded the Mughals harmful policies towards the British interest with harassing the Mughal vessels at the sea. [8]
The cotton textile industry was responsible for a large part of the empire's international trade. [3] India had a 25% share of the global textile trade in the early 18th century. [55] Indian cotton textiles were the most important manufactured goods in world trade in the 18th century, consumed across the world from the Americas to Japan. [56]
Manufactured goods and cash crops from the Mughal Empire were sold throughout the world. [102] The growth of manufacturing industries in the Indian subcontinent during the Mughal era in the 17th–18th centuries has been referred to as a form of proto-industrialization, similar to 18th-century Western Europe before the Industrial Revolution. [105]
Mughal–Portuguese conflicts refers to the various armed engagements between the forces of the Portuguese Empire in India and the Mughal Empire, between the 16th century and the 18th century. The Mughal Empire came into direct contact with the Portuguese Empire in 1573 after Akbar annexed Gujarat , which bordered the Portuguese territories of ...
Malacca was the chief center of Gujarati trade overseas, 1000 merchants settled there in the fifteenth century and about 4000 to 5000 visited the city yearly to trade. They were compared to Venetians and Genoese for their skill in trade and navigation. [2] The Portuguese diplomat and apothecary Tomé Pires commented that:
Due to internal unrest in the Mughal Empire, Surat's trade with the Mughal capital of Agra gradually declined in the early 18th century, with most trade shifting to Bombay, the new capital of the English Western Presidency. The city became part of British India as a consequence of the Third Carnatic War (1756–1763). [1]
Much of Europe's contact with the Islamic world was through various wars opposing the expansion of the Ottoman Empire. There was limited direct interaction between the two cultures even though there was substantial trade between Europe and the Middle East at this time: merchants would often use intermediaries, [ 1 ] a practice that had been ...