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Ligaments of the ankle. In medicine, the Ottawa ankle rules are a set of guidelines for clinicians to help decide if a patient with foot or ankle pain should be offered X-rays to diagnose a possible bone fracture. Before the introduction of the rules most patients with ankle injuries would have been imaged.
Accessory bones of the ankle. [13]Accessory bones at the ankle mainly include: Os subtibiale, with a prevalence of approximately 1%. [14] It is a secondary ossification center of the distal tibia that appears during the first year of life, and which in most people fuses with the shaft at approximately 15 years in females and approximately 17 years in males.
The mortise view is an AP x-ray taken with the ankle internally rotated 15-20 degrees since the foot is naturally externally rotated relative to the ankle. [9] In addition to these views, a full-length view of the tibia and fibula may be necessary to evaluate for injuries to the proximal fibula associated with Maisonneuve fractures .
Calcaneal spurs are typically detected by x-ray examination. [2] It is a form of exostosis. When a foot is exposed to constant stress, calcium deposits build up on the bottom of the heel bone. Generally, this has no effect on a person's daily life.
Salter–Harris fractures; Other names: Growth plate fracture [1]: An X-ray of the left ankle showing a Salter–Harris type III fracture of medial malleolus.Red arrow demonstrates fracture line while the blue arrow marks the growth plate.
Ankle fractures may result from excessive stress on the joint such as from rolling an ankle or from blunt trauma. [20] [21] Types of ankle fractures include lateral malleolus, medial malleolus, posterior malleolus, bimalleolar, and trimalleolar fractures. [20] The Ottawa ankle rule can help determine the need for X-rays. [21]
A few days after sharing his heartfelt video, Thomas posted a slideshow alongside pictures of his X-rays as he seeks a second opinion. “I’ve chosen to lift myself up and wear a smile.
Growth arrest lines, also known as Harris lines, are lines of increased bone density that represent the position of the growth plate at the time of insult to the organism and formed on long bones due to growth arrest.