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Alpha-1 antitrypsin or α 1-antitrypsin (A1AT, α 1 AT, A1A, or AAT) is a protein belonging to the serpin superfamily. It is encoded in humans by the SERPINA1 gene . A protease inhibitor , it is also known as alpha 1 –proteinase inhibitor ( A1PI ) or alpha 1 -antiproteinase ( A1AP ) because it inhibits various proteases (not just trypsin ). [ 5 ]
If protein-losing enteropathy is suspected based on clinical suspicion, an alpha-1 antitrypsin test can be performed. If stool alpha-1 antitrypsin is elevated, this suggests excessive gastrointestinal protein loss. [3]
The alpha-1 fraction does not disappear in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, however, because other proteins, including alpha-lipoprotein and orosomucoid, also migrate there. As a positive acute phase reactant, AAT is increased in acute inflammation. [citation needed] Bence Jones protein may bind to and retard the alpha-1 band. [citation needed]
About Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) and AAT Deficiency Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an autosomal disorder that results in disease of the lungs and liver, and afflicts roughly 10,000 patients ...
Positive acute-phase proteins serve (as part of the innate immune system) different physiological functions within the immune system.Some act to destroy or inhibit growth of microbes, e.g., C-reactive protein, mannose-binding protein, [3] complement factors, ferritin, ceruloplasmin, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin.
Different methods of quantifying protein loss in the bowel include faecal excretion of alpha 1-antitrypsin, a marker of protein losing enteropathy, as well as viral serologies, which may be useful to determine the cause of the PLE. [1] Alpha 1-antitrypsin is a blood protein that is lost in the gut, however, it is not actively secreted or ...
Alpha-1 antitrypsin levels in the blood depend on the genotype. Some mutant forms fail to fold properly and are, thus, targeted for destruction in the proteasome, whereas others have a tendency to polymerize, thereafter being retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. The serum levels of some of the common genotypes are: [citation needed]
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