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The Nguyễn dynasty (Vietnamese: Nhà Nguyễn or Triều Nguyễn, chữ Nôm: 茹阮, chữ Hán: 朝阮) was the last Vietnamese dynasty, established by a Nguyễn lord and ruling unified Vietnam independently from 1802 to 1883 before becoming protectorates.
The government of the Nguyễn dynasty, officially the Southern dynasty (Vietnamese: Nam Triều; chữ Hán: 南朝) [a] and commonly referred to as the Huế Court (Vietnamese: Triều đình Huế; chữ Hán: 朝廷化), centred around the emperor (皇帝, Hoàng Đế) as the absolute monarch, surrounded by various imperial agencies and ministries which stayed under the emperor's presidency.
The Nguyễn lords (Vietnamese: Chúa Nguyễn, 主阮; 1558–1777, 1780–1802), [a] also known as the Nguyễn clan (Vietnamese: Nguyễn thị; chữ Hán: 阮氏), were Nguyễn dynasty's forerunner and a feudal noble clan ruling southern Đại Việt in the Revival Lê dynasty. The Nguyễn lords were members of the House of Nguyễn Phúc.
The military of the Nguyễn dynasty maintained the old organisational structures of the imperial dynasties that went before it. [10] The army of the Nguyễn dynasty was divided into two regular parts, a standing army and a division stationed in the capital called the Imperial Guards, whose main task was to protect the Citadel of Phú Xuân ...
Following is the family tree of Vietnamese monarchs from the autonomous period of the Khúc clan (905–923) to the reign of Bảo Đại (1926–1945), the last emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty. Emperors, kings and lords of each monarch are denoted by different colours with the period of their reigns.
Gia Long (Chữ hán: 嘉隆) (Vietnamese: [zaː lawŋ] , [jaː lawŋ] ; 8 February 1762 – 3 February 1820), born Nguyễn Phúc Ánh (阮福暎) or Nguyễn Ánh (阮暎), was the founding emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty, the last dynasty of Vietnam. His dynasty would rule the unified territories that constitute modern-day Vietnam until 1945.
The Nguyễn dynasty agreed to French supervision in 1883. In 1887, Vietnam became part of the Indochinese Union , which was administered by a French governor general. Emperor Bảo Đại , the last ruler of the dynasty, changed the name of the country from Annam back to Vietnam, a name that originated with Gia Long.
Tự Đức (Hanoi: [tɨ˧˨ ɗɨk̚˧˦], chữ Hán: 嗣 德, lit. ' inheritance of virtues ', 22 September 1829 – 19 July 1883) (personal name: Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Nhậm, also Nguyễn Phúc Thì) was the fourth and last pre-colonial emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty of Vietnam; he ruled from 1847 to 1883.