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A transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS or TNS) is a device that produces mild electric current to stimulate the nerves for therapeutic purposes.TENS, by definition, covers the complete range of transcutaneously applied currents used for nerve excitation, but the term is often used with a more restrictive intent, namely, to describe the kind of pulses produced by portable ...
SCS may be contraindicated in people who have coagulation related disorders, or are on anticoagulant therapy. [1] Other contraindications include local and systemic infection, pacemakers , or those people for whom pre-surgical imaging studies show have anatomy that makes placement difficult, or if concerns arise during psychological evaluation.
Electrotherapy is contraindicated for people with: [35] medical implants or stimulators like a cardiac pacemaker; certain cardiovascular diseases; women who are pregnant; deep vein thrombosis; cognitive impairment
The pacemaker circuitry includes sense amplifiers to detect the heart's intrinsic electrical signals, which are used to track heart activity, rate adaptive circuitry, which determine the need for increased or reduced pacing rate, a microprocessor, memory to store the parameters, telemetry control for communication protocol and power supplies to ...
External trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNS) is similar to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), a treatment for chronic pain. [5] A small device supplies electricity to electrodes that are placed on the skin. The device is able to modulate the intensity and frequency of electrical impulses delivered to the nerve endings in the skin.
Other forms of cardiac pacing are transvenous pacing, epicardial pacing, [5] and permanent pacing with an implantable pacemaker. In addition to synchronized transcutaneous pacing offered by newer cardiac monitor/defibrillators, there is also an option for asynchronous pacing.
This is distinct from transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), in which an electric current is used for pain therapy. "The main difference is the desired outcome. TENS unit is a medical device for pain relief. The desired outcome is to reduce pain by stimulating different nerve signals.
Twiddler's syndrome is a malfunction of a pacemaker due to manipulation of the device and the consequent dislodging of the leads from their intended location. As the leads move, they stop pacing the heart and can cause strange symptoms such as phrenic nerve stimulation resulting in abdominal pulsing or brachial plexus stimulation resulting in rhythmic arm twitching. [1]