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The modern Malayalam alphabet has 15 vowel letters, 42 consonant letters, and a few other symbols. The Malayalam script is a Vatteluttu alphabet extended with symbols from the Grantha alphabet to represent Indo-Aryan loanwords. [8] The script is also used to write several minority languages such as Paniya, Betta Kurumba, and Ravula. [9]
The Grantha script (Tamil: கிரந்த எழுத்து, romanized: Granta eḻuttu; Malayalam: ഗ്രന്ഥലിപി, romanized: granthalipi) is a classical South Indian Brahmic script, found particularly in Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
From the 11th century AD onwards the Tamil script displaced the Pallava-Grantha as the principal script for writing Tamil. [ 6 ] [ 2 ] In what is now Kerala , Vatteluttu continued for a much longer period than in Tamil Nadu by incorporating characters from Pallava-Grantha to represent Sanskrit loan words in early Malayalam .
Makasar script is also known as "Old Makassarese" or "Makassarese bird script" in English-language scholarly works. [12] Maka U+11EE0–U+11EFF 𑻪𑻢𑻪𑻢 Malayalam: Grantha: 12th century Malayalam: Mlym U+0D00–U+0D7F മലയാളലിപി: Marchen: Tibetan: 7th century Was used in the Tibetan Bön tradition to write the extinct ...
Example of Manipravalam text converted to Tamil language and script. It is suggested that the advent of the Manipravalam style, where letters of the Grantha script coexisted with the traditional Vatteluttu letters, made it easier for people in Kerala to accept a Grantha-based script Ārya eḻuttŭ, and paved the way for the introduction of the new writing system. [14]
Malayalam letter Ma. Ma (മ) is a consonant of the Malayalam abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter , via the Grantha letter Ma. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.
Ezhuthachan's works also cemented the use of the Malayalam script, an alphabet blending the Tamil Vatteluttu alphabet with elements of the Grantha script resulting in a large number of letters capable of representing both Indo-Aryan and Dravidian sounds.
Multiple Latin letters or sequences for one Malayalam character. Example: both 'za' and 'Sa' maps to 'ശ'. Archaic or scholarly characters are defined as refinement on contemporary characters. Example: '1#' generates native digit '൧', with '#' being the 'archaic character' operator to suffix.